C entre for T ime U se R esearch Overview of the Multinational Time Use Study Kimberly Fisher Centre for Time Use Research International Association for Time Use Research

C entre for T ime U se R esearch Why Archive Diaries? Rich data, long shelf life C ivic exchange – make most of participants´ time / tax funding by reuse Many lessons improving data learned from archiving People better understand value of diaries if see uses – more use, more response

C entre for T ime U se R esearch What is MTUS? Most comprehensive harmonised time use data Cross-time, 1960s to 2010s Cross-national – 21 (soon 24) countries: (Europe, North America, Africa, & soon Asia) Created by Jonathan Gershuny in 1980s, still expanding

C entre for T ime U se R esearch Added Value in MTUS Harmonised activity, location, mode of transport, demographic Full-diary processing, making full use of: narrative quality of diaries all code information

C entre for T ime U se R esearch Full Use of Diary 8:00-8:30 indoor cleaning + talk to childhome 8:30-8:40walk 8:40-9:10train 9:10-9:15walk 9:15-13:30 paid work main joboffice 13:30-14:30 restaurantother 14:30-14:45 walk 14:45-15:00 chat to friend other 15:00-17:30 university lab courseother

C entre for T ime U se R esearch Lessons from MTUS Many problems MTUS corrects possible now due to technological advances Important to build narrative quality of diaries into coding process

C entre for T ime U se R esearch Added Value in MTUS Full-diary processing, increases use of diaries from people with impairments or low- levels of education Weights remove low- quality diaries

C entre for T ime U se R esearch Low-Quality Diaries missing 91+ minutes many gaps & give up patterns missing age, sex, day < 7 episodes missing 2+ domains sleep or rest eat or drink personal care travel or exercise

C entre for T ime U se R esearch Some diaries defined as low-quality in MTUS included in previously published research Some diaries excluded in previously published research on account of missing too much time counted as good quality diaries in MTUS

C entre for T ime U se R esearch MTUS Activity Categories Originally ad hoc collection of 41 acts for best fit to UK data for a number of surveys (AV) New 69 categories condense HETUS, while retaining some coss-domain features of AV (work at home, eat out in cafe) More codes for domestic production than for paid work

C entre for T ime U se R esearch MTUS Activity Lessons Concentrate on what people do most days Add detail to broad domains degree of physical activity exposure whether using ICTs alone or with others resource use during activity whether generates income happiness and utility

C entre for T ime U se R esearch MTUS Activity Lessons Structured code allowing respondent input better than hundreds of categories or highly restricted and fixed categories Respondent input picks up detail like informal voluntary assistance to others

C entre for T ime U se R esearch Summary Versions Each row case represents 1 diary Summary time main activity only All background variables Version 5.53 All diaries in the survey 41 category time use variables Version 5.8 Separate adult (age 18+) & child files 41 (AV) and 69 (Main) category time use variables Total minutes with spouse / partner

C entre for T ime U se R esearch Episode Version Identifiers, diary variables, age, sex only – used to extract variables to match into summary files Main activity (AV 41 and Main 69) Secondary activity (69 categories) Location (Inside/outside, where) Mode of transport Whether ICTs used 0/1 markers for alone, with child, with spouse, with other adult Separate adult (18+) and child files (<18)

C entre for T ime U se R esearch Episode Coverage Austria 1992 ( coming) Australia 1974 (1987, 1992, 1997, 2006 coming) Finland (1979, 1987, 1999 coming) France (1966, , 1986, coming) Israel Netherlands 1975, 1980, 2000, 2005 (1985, 1990, 1995 coming) Spain ( coming) UK , 1995, , 2005 (1961, coming) USA , , 1985, ,

C entre for T ime U se R esearch Other Countries Belgium Bulgaria Canada China – hopefully upcoming Denmark Estonia Germany Hungary India - Upcoming Italy Norway Republic of Korea - Upcoming Slovenia South Africa Sweden

C entre for T ime U se R esearch Uses of MTUS Adult care (valuation, time cost, who performs care but does not identify as a carer) Child care (valuation, trends, participation of fathers, balance of physical/interactive care) Education (patterns of homework, parental involvement in children’s education) Environment (transport modes, time at home/inside in heat or cold) Leisure (trends, physical activity, quality) Paid work (hours of work, scheduling) Sleep (hours per week, deprivation, trends) Unpaid work (women’s total economic contribution, hours, trends, sharing in households) Volunteering (valuation, trends) Work-life Balance

C entre for T ime U se R esearch New Uses of MTUS Training, to build time use research capacity in developing countries Counter-factual research using limited enjoyment data – estimating how people in a country might feel if they adopted the daily patterns of people in other countries Understanding how changing daily activity patterns may relate to changes in stress levels and health

C entre for T ime U se R esearch Wind-Down on Work Days selecting for completed work days Paid work 1+ hours Asleep or activities that follow sleep Asleep or activities that precede sleep 0 – 1 variable for no wind down, 1 means - No free time on work day - Last episode of paid work after last episode of free time

C entre for T ime U se R esearch Multinational Time Use Study International Association for Time Use Research - IATUR - list with time use information - Electronic International Journal eIJTUR - annual conferences -1-3 August 2011 Oxford, UK - September 2012 Tokyo Japan - September 2013 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil