Nu Xu1/12 ”DNP“, Newport Beach, California, December , 2012 Energy Dependence of the High Moments from Transport Model Simulations Xiaofeng Luo (1), Bedanga Mohanty (2), and Nu Xu (1,3) (1) College of Physical Science & Technology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, , China (2) School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, , India (3) Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
Nu Xu2/12 ”DNP“, Newport Beach, California, December , 2012 Beam Energy Scan at RHIC Observations: (1) Azimuthally HBT 1st order phase transition (2) Directed flow v 1 1st order phase transition (3) Dynamical correlations partonic vs. hadronic dof (4) v 2 - NCQ scaling partonic vs. hadronic dof (5) Fluctuations Critical point, correl. length - /public/sn arXiv: Study QCD Phase Structure - Signals of phase boundary - Signals for critical point
Nu Xu3/12 ”DNP“, Newport Beach, California, December , T E RHIC, SPS, FAIR 3 3 Phase boundary RHIC, FAIR, NICA Exploring the QCD Phase Structure 1 1 T ini, T C LHC, RHIC 2 Partonic Matter Hadronic Matter
Nu Xu4/12 ”DNP“, Newport Beach, California, December , 2012 Previous Summary 1) sQGP formed at RHIC/LHC: - Collectivity: NCQ scaling in v 2, … - Jet-quenching, Quarkonia, direct photon, … 2)BES-I Program: - Partonic QGP dominant: √s NN > 39 GeV Hadronic interactions become dominant: √s NN ≤ 11.5 GeV What is the structure of QCD phase diagram? - phase boundary? - QCD critical point?
Nu Xu5/12 ”DNP“, Newport Beach, California, December , 2012 Susceptibilities and Moments Thermodynamic function: The susceptibility: Thermodynamic function Susceptibility Moments Model calculations, e.g. LGT, HRG Measurements Conserved Quantum Number
Nu Xu6/12 ”DNP“, Newport Beach, California, December , 2012 Higher Moment: Net-charge STAR Preliminary 1)Preliminary net-charge results: efficiency, decay, … effects under study 1)Higher statistics data needed below 20 GeV - HRG Model: K. Redlich et al, private communications STAR: D. McDonald, QM2012
Nu Xu7/12 ”DNP“, Newport Beach, California, December , 2012 STAR net-proton results: 1)All data show deviations below Poisson beyond statistical and systematic errors in the 0-5% most central collisions for κσ 2 and Sσ at all energies. 2)UrQMD model show monotonic behavior 3)Higher statistics needed for collisions at √s NN < 20 GeV Net-proton Higher Moments STAR Preliminary STAR: X.F. Luo, QM2012
Nu Xu8/12 ”DNP“, Newport Beach, California, December , 2012 Open Issues 1)Effects of conservations, in this case, the baryon conservation. 2)Effects of the resonance decays 3)Effects of the kinematic cuts 4)Net-proton vs. net-Baryon 5)Effect of PID … 1)Effects of conservations, in this case, the baryon conservation. 2)Effects of the resonance decays 3)Effects of the kinematic cuts 4)Net-proton vs. net-Baryon 5)Effect of PID … Transport Model: 1) AMPT: - partonic mode - hadronic mode 2) UrQMD: hadronic mode - Obey most conservation laws - Most hadronic observables are consistent with data - No phase transition, nor critical point in the model calculations Transport Model: 1) AMPT: - partonic mode - hadronic mode 2) UrQMD: hadronic mode - Obey most conservation laws - Most hadronic observables are consistent with data - No phase transition, nor critical point in the model calculations
Nu Xu9/12 ”DNP“, Newport Beach, California, December , 2012 URQMD Net-protonNet-baryon 1)Simulations are done with the same experimental cuts 2)For κ*σ 2 net-p and net-B behavior similarly: a) peripheral centrality bins, values are above unity b) at most central collisions, the value below at lower beam energy
Nu Xu10/12 ”DNP“, Newport Beach, California, December , 2012 AMPT (string melt) Net-protonNet-baryon 1)Simulations are done with the same experimental cuts 2)For κ*σ 2 net-p and net-B behavior similarly: a) peripheral centrality bins, values are above unity b) at most central collisions, the value below at lower beam energy
Nu Xu11/12 ”DNP“, Newport Beach, California, December , 2012 Summary and Outlook 1)Transport model results for net-proton are consistent with experimental observations 2)In these simulations, no significant difference between net-p and net-B 3)At lower beam energies, baryon conservation pushes the value of κ*σ 2 below unity Outlook: RHIC BES-II is needed in order to collect sufficient data for collisions at √s NN < 20 GeV RHIC provides unique opportunities for exploring matter with QCD degrees of freedom!
Nu Xu12/12 ”DNP“, Newport Beach, California, December , T E RHIC, SPS, FAIR 3 3 Phase boundary RHIC, FAIR, NICA Exploring the QCD Phase Structure 1 1 T ini, T C LHC, RHIC 2 Partonic Matter Hadronic Matter RHIC Top Energy Study QGP Properties - heavy flavor hadrons - di-leptons - Jets RHIC Top Energy Study QGP Properties - heavy flavor hadrons - di-leptons - Jets BES-II Map the QCD Phase Structure HI collisions at √s NN ≤ 20 GeV BES-II Map the QCD Phase Structure HI collisions at √s NN ≤ 20 GeV