 North  Salt  Copper  Cowrie Shells  West  Kola nuts  Hides – leather goods  Ivory  Slaves  Gold

 Sea snails  Uses  Currency  Ceremonial  Status symbol  Fertility

 Uses  Ceremonial  “cure hunger”  Replacement for alcohol in Islamic culture  Treat whopping cough and asthma  Pepsi and Coke!

 Camels  25 gallons of water at one time  Double row of eyelashes and hairy ear openings  Spread of Islam  Invaded Ghana in 7 th century (lost)  Many settled as traders

 Gold in Wangara (south of Ghana)  Salt in Sahara  Ghana made most $$

 Gold mines  Needed for trade w/ China  Secrecy of mines more important than life

 Salt more precious than gold  Why?  Sweat -> loss of sodium  Preserve meat  Good taste

 1. Water put in holes in salty earth  2. Water drew out Salt  3. Sun evaporated water  Or…  Mining  Miners (slaves owned by Arabs)  3ft below surface

 Paid when they entered and left city  1/6 ounce of gold – incoming salt load  1/3 ounce of gold – exiting with salt load  Paid for other goods too.  Why Pay?  Protection

 Silent barter  Along river in southern forest  1. Northerns put out goods, beat drum, then left  2. Wangarans left gold offering beat drum then left  3. If offer was okay northerners took it and left, if not they left and waited for better offer

 What happened?