ICT Advanced Web Technologies Lecture 1: Introduction Shakeel A. Khoja

Course outline 1/2 * Current Web data standards o XML o Processing XML documents o Deploying XML data * Current Web metadata standards o RDF, RDF-SCHEMA o Ontologies, Dublin Core o Metadata processing o Surfing the semantic web

Course outline 2/2 * Hypertext Linking o Open Hypermedia philosophy o Hypertext history o The Missing Link: problems and solutions * Semantic Web * Web Site Construction o Hypermedia Engineering (AJAX) o Hypermedia Development Methods o Hypermedia Development Techniques * Web Searching o Information retrieval history o Basic Search engine algorithm o Case studies: Harvest, Google. (if time permits)

Books and references Text Book: Munindar P. Singh and Michael N. Huhns, Service Oriented Computing Semantics, Processes, Agents, 2005, John Wiley. Reference Books: Leon Shklar and Rich Rosen, Web Application Architecture, 2 nd Edition, JWI. Rosenfeld L, Information Architecture for the World Wide Web, 2nd Edition, O'Reilly 2002 Deitel, Deitel and Goldberg, Internet and World Wide Web - How To Program, 3rd Edition, Prentice Hall 2004 Gerti Kappel, Birgit Proll, Siegfried Reich, Werner Retschitzegger, Web Engineering, JWI 2006 Various WWW sources

Assessment Strategy Assessment Method Contribution to the final mark Mid Term Examinations:30% ( ) Final Examination:40% Quizzes:15% Assignment / Mini Project:15%

Online course material WIKI: SAKAI: (to be available after Sept 15)

Enter 21 st Century!

Our Information Landscape Image from:

The Future of Information Image from:

What is 21st Century Business? Buyers and sellers who are: Effective Learners Effective Collaborators Effective Creators Image from: What do you think?

21st Century Learners: Lifelong learners Can learn how to learn Independent learners Metacognitive Intrinsically motivated Focus on self improvement Image from:

21st Century Collaborators: Are effective communicators. Are socially and culturally aware. Take responsibility for their role. Are flexible. Image from:

21st Century Collaborators: Are able to delegate or share responsibility when necessary. Are equally comfortable as either leaders or participants. Appreciate and internalize the essential interdependence of being part of society. Image from:

21st Century Creators: Effectively analyze and synthesize. Originality, innovative and creative contributors to society. “think outside the box”. Systems thinkers. Goal oriented and productive. Demonstrate ethical responsibility. Image from:

Why Go Global? “The World is Flat” We are no longer bound by four walls of classroom Authentic development experiences Image from:

Why Go Global? Learning (and life) is networked, digital, connected. Create an authentic classroom environment. Image from:

Why Go Global? Power of networks Screen Shot from: Chrissy Teaching Sagittarian:

New Interfaces? Tap into the energy that people are bringing through new interfaces. Image from:

The Technology Toolbox How to pick the right tools for the job Image from:

The Technology Toolbox

ToolBox: Blogs When to use a blog: individual reflection seeking feedback Grade 5 Student Blog:

ToolBox: Blogs Features of a blog: Entries posted in consecutive order, newest on top Comments from readers extend classroom learning Personal journal Grade 5 Student Blog:

ToolBoox: Wikis When to use a wiki collaborative knowledge building Grade 6 Student Wiki:

ToolBox: Social Networking When to use Social Networks Connecting students and teachers Grade 4 Flat Classroom Project:

Collaborative Multimedia creative representation of ideas Sample VoiceThread:

ToolBox: VoIP When to use VoIP Communicating with personal learning network Connecting on a personal level

ToolBox: VoIP Features of VOIP Audio/video Audio/video chat Recording discussions 7th Grade YackPack

The Ultimate Goal Ubiquitous and Pervasive Develop a global Personal Network Communicate, Connect and Collaborate Image from:

Chapter 1: Computing with Services Service-Oriented Computing: Semantics, Processes, Agents – Munindar P. Singh and Michael N. Huhns, Wiley, 2005

Highlights of this Chapter Visions for the Web Open Environments Services Introduced The Evolving Web Standards Bodies

The Web As It Is Not easy to program Designed for people to get information Focuses on visual display (as in HTML) Lacks support for meaning Supports low-level interactions HTTP is stateless Processing is client-server Creates avoidable dependencies among what should be independent components

The Web As It Is Becoming Enable interactions autonomous, heterogeneous parties (information providers and users) Go beyond visual display to capture meaning  Semantic Web Support standardized interfaces  Web services Support complex activities  processes Support rich interactions among autonomous parties  agents

Historical View of Services over the Web GenerationScopeTechnologyExample FirstAllBrowserAny HTML page SecondProgrammaticScreen scraperSystematically generated HTML content ThirdStandardizedWeb servicesFormally described service FourthSemanticSemantic Web services Semantically described service

Viewpoints on Services Traditionally, a capability that is provided and exploited, often but not always remotely Networking: bundle of bandwidth-type properties Telecom: features (caller ID, forwarding) Systems: operational functions (billing, storage); parceled up into operation-support systems Web or Grid: Web pages or Grid resources Wireless: Wireless access; messaging By contrast, we treat services as resembling real-life services or business partners

What is a Web Service? A piece of business logic accessible via the Internet using open standards (Microsoft) Encapsulated, loosely coupled, contracted software functions, offered via standard protocols (DestiCorp) A set of interfaces providing a standard means of interoperating between different software applications, running on a variety of platforms and frameworks (W3C) Our working definition: A service is functionality that can be engaged

Scope Includes wherever Internet and Web technologies are employed Internet Intranet: network restricted within an enterprise Extranet: private network restricted to selected enterprises Virtual Private Network (VPN): a way to realize an intranet or extranet over the Internet

Service Composition Vision Specify and provide services independently, hiding implementations Use services in combination in novel ways Going beyond the idea of a passive object Obviously desirable and challenging But is this what we want? Can or should implementations be hidden? What about organizational visibility? How to assess risk? How to handle exceptions?

Applications of Composable Services Portals Legacy system interoperation E-commerce Virtual enterprises Grid computing

Autonomy Independence of business partners (users and organizations) Political reasons Ownership of resources Control, especially of access privileges Payments Technical reasons Opacity of systems with respect to key features, e.g., precommit in distributed databases

Heterogeneity Independence of component designers and system architects Political reasons Ownership of resources Technical reasons Conceptual problems in integration Fragility of integration Difficult to guarantee behavior of integrated systems

Dynamism Independence of system administrators Needed because the parties change Architecture and implementation Behavior Interactions Make configurations dynamic to improve service quality and maintain flexibility

Locality: How to Handle the Above Reduce sharing of data and metadata to reduce inconsistencies and anomalies Reduce hard-coding, which reflects out-of- band agreements among programmers Bind dynamically to components Use standardized formats to express data Express important knowledge as metadata Use standardized languages to express metadata Relax consistency constraints Obtain remote knowledge only when needed Correct rather than prevent violations of constraints: often feasible

System Architectures: Centralized Mainframe Terminal3270 Terminal

System Architectures: Client-Server Server Web Server Database Server PC Client PC Client PC Client Workstation Client Master-Slave

System Architectures: Peer-to-Peer System Web System Database System Application

System Architectures: Cooperative System Web System Database System Application (Mediators, Proxies, Aides, Wrappers) Agent

Chapter 1 Summary Evolving perspectives on the Web Evolutions in IT architectures Open environments challenge some fundamental assumptions of computer science Autonomy Heterogeneity Dynamism Services, if understood correctly, can support IT in open environments