antibodies produced by differentiated B-cells

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antibodies produced by differentiated B-cells recombination results in B-cell lineages producing distinct antibodies serum contains antibodies representing many lineages difficult to isolate B-cells of defined specificity cannot grow B-cells in culture Kohler and Milstien (1975) fused B-cells with myeloma cells  stable hybridoma hybridoma secretes monoclonal antibody

Monoclonal Antibodies Preparation Immunization* Fusion Selection Screening & Cloning Production Advantages unlimited supply defined reagent Disadvantages single epitope time consuming rodents, especially mice, are animal of choice best characterized myeloma lines are from mice match strains for ascites production possible to use crude antigens

mouse making desired antibodies boost 3-4 days before fusion remove spleen (lymph nodes etc) and harvest cells mix with myeloma cells in presence of fusogenic agent Balb/c Mouse  MOPC 21 (tumor) P3K (cell line) P3-X63Ag8 (HGPRT-) X63-Ag8.653 (IgG-)

HAT Medium: Hypoxanthine (purine salvage) Aminopterin (DHFR inhibitor) Thymidine (pyrimidine salvage) Nucleotide Metabolism: salvage and de novo pathways HGPRT essential for purine salvage DHFR essential for de novo synthesis HGPRT = hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase DHFR = dihydrofolate reductase

Selection in HAT Medium Human mAbs produced by trans-forming lymphocytes with EBV

Screening/Cloning Cloning Methods soft agar limiting dilution

Production produce mAbs in vitro or with ascites harvest culture media (supernatant) in vitro material is less concentrated and contains bovine serum ascites are tumors grown in peritoneal cavity ascites fluid and sera contain high [mAb] minor contamination with mouse IgG

Affinity Purification use Ag or epitope to make affinity column recover Abs from blots, etc.