Chapter 4 First Age of Empires

Section 1 The Egyptian and Nubian Empires

Setting the Stage Egypt had a united kingdom around 3100 b.c.e. During the Middle kingdom periods… Trade with Mesopotamia and Indus Valley enriched Egypt 600 miles South, in Thebes A major kingdom developed, Nubia Nubian Kingdom of Kush traded with Egypt

Nomadic Invaders Rule Egypt Middle Kingdom prosperous Weak pharaohs led country to fall to invaders. Hyksos invade and rule Egypt from 1640- 1570 B.C.

Hebrews Migrate To Egypt During Hyksos rule, Hebrews settled in Egypt Two groups racially similar; Egyptians resented them being there

Expulsion and Slavery Around 1600 B.C., Egypt's power gets restored Queen Ahhotep and Pharaoh Kamose helped drive out the Hyksos Hebrews forced into slavery until the Exodus

The New Kingdom of Egypt 1570-1075 B.C. New pharaohs set to build an empire…what is an empire?

Hatshepsut’s Prosperous Rule Declared self pharaoh because stepson was too young Spent focus on trade rather than war

Thutmose the Empire Builder Stepson to Hatshepsut Warlike ruler Went into Palestine, Syria and Nubia Egypt once again became a powerful empire

The Egyptians and the Hittites Taking over Syria and Palestine brought conflict with the Hittites Large battle at Kadesh Pharaoh, Ramses II, and Hittite king agreed to a treaty (read pg 91)

An Age of Builders Huge buildings erected Ramses II built elaborate temples

An Age of Builders Continued Treasures buried at the Valley of the Kings near Thebes

The Empire Declines 1200 B.C. Ramses died All of the Mediterranean invaded                             Merenptah was probably the last great king of the 19th Dynasty. His reign was followed by dynastic upheaval that led to the decline of the dynasty.

Invasions by Land and Sea Egyptian and Hittite kingdoms were attacked “Sea Peoples” caused destruction They were possibly the Philistines Egyptians also attacked by Palestines and Libyans

Egypt's’ Empire Fades Egypt never recovered Egypt broke into small kingdoms Libyan’s pharaohs ruled Egypt but adopted their way of life Nubians will do the same

The Kushites Conquer the Nile Region Egypt had controlled Nubia, and its kingdom Kush. During Hyksos rule, Kush became more powerful.

The People of Nubia Kush, a Nubian kingdom, was a trading spot 1st Nubian kingdom, Kerma

Nubian Facts You do not need to write this! Nubian Transportation Royal Women in Nubia To get boats past the cataracts, Nubians constructed slipways along the river banks- troughlike roads filled with mud. Logs embedded every 18 inches or so in the slippery substance rotated easily, allowing the Nubians to drag their boats around the cataracts In Nubia, kings inherited their royal status through their mothers. One king listed seven generations of female ancestors to prove he was royal enough to rule. At Meroe, women sometimes ruled independently.

Egyptian Influence on Nubian Culture You do not need to write this! Temples and Pyramids Statues

You do not need to write this! Nubia was also called - Upper & Lower Nubia, Kush, Land of Kush, Te-Nehesy, Nubadae, Napata, or the Kingdom of Meroei.

The Interaction of Egypt and Nubia When Egypt controlled Kush, they had great cultural influence Kush regained independence and they felt they should be in control of Egypt, not the Libyans

Piankhi Captures the Egyptian throne Kushite king, Piankhi, overthrew the Libyan dynasty United Nile Valley Short dynasty, taken over by the Assyrians

The Golden Age of Meroe After being defeated, the Kushite royal family moved to Meroe Meroe became a major trading center

The Wealth of Kush Differences between Egypt and Meroe Meroe had rainfall Meroe had abundant supplies of iron ore

The Decline of Meroe Meroe declined Kingdom of Aksum dominated trade and defeated the Meroe Assyria will come to dominate Egypt

Who was in Control? Egypt (2x’s) Libya Assyrians (2x’s) Kush Aksum Hyksos Egypt Hyksos Egypt (broken into parts) Libya Kush (Piankhi) Assyrians Aksum takes over Meroi where the Kush went to