CHEMICAL BONDING IONIC BONDS COVALENT BONDS METALLIC BONDS

IONIC BONDING When an atom of a nonmetal takes one or more valence electrons from an atom of a metal so both atoms end up with eight valence electrons

IONIC BONDING IS THE COMPOUND AN IONIC COMPOUND?METAL NONMETAL SUBSCRIPTS

IONIC BOND FORMATION Neutral atoms come near each other. Electron(s) are transferred from the Metal atom to the Non-metal atom. They stick together because of electrostatic forces, like magnets.

IONIC BONDING ION – any atom with more or less electrons that it is supposed to have* *Remember that the number of electrons is supposed to be equal to the number of Protons if the atom has a neutral charge

IONIC BONDING Metals will tend to lose electrons and become POSITIVE CATIONS Normal sodium atom loses one electron to become sodium ion

IONIC BONDING Nonmetals will tend to gain electrons and become NEGATIVE ANIONS Normal chlorine atom gains an electron to become a chloride ion

Na +1 is called a sodium ion The +1 symbol means it has lost one electron IONIC BONDING

Mg +2 is called a magnesium ion The +2 symbol means it has lost two electron IONIC BONDING

S -2 is called a sulfide ion The -2 symbol means it has gained two electron IONIC BONDING

Cl -1 is called a chloride ion The -1 symbol means it has gained one electron IONIC BONDING

Group # Valenc e Electro ns (except He) Gain or lose e- Lose 1 Lose 2 Lose 1-2 Lose 3 Shar e Gain 3 Gain 4 Gain 5 DOES NOT BOND Ion charge or

Properties of Ionic Compounds Crystalline structure. A regular repeating arrangement of ions in the solid. Ions are strongly bonded. Structure is brittle. High melting points- because of strong forces between ions.

Do they Conduct? Conducting electricity is allowing charges to move. In a solid, the ions are locked in place. Ionic solids are insulators. When melted, the ions can move around. Melted ionic compounds conduct. First get them to 800ºC. Dissolved in water they conduct.

Examples Salts Fertilizers Baking soda

COVALENT BONDING When an atom of one nonmetal shares one or more electrons with an atom of another nonmetal so both atoms end up with eight valence electrons

COVALENT BONDING When a covalent bond is made it forms a molecule. A molecule is a group of atoms held together by a chemical bond.

COVALENT BONDING

IS THE COMPOUND A COVALENT COMPOUND?NONMETAL NONMETAL YES since it is made of only nonmetal elements

Covalent bonding Fluorine has seven valence electrons F

Covalent bonding Fluorine has seven valence electrons A second atom also has seven FF

Covalent bonding l Fluorine has seven valence electrons l A second atom also has seven l By sharing electrons FF

Covalent bonding l Fluorine has seven valence electrons l A second atom also has seven l By sharing electrons FF

Covalent bonding l Fluorine has seven valence electrons l A second atom also has seven l By sharing electrons FF

Covalent bonding l Fluorine has seven valence electrons l A second atom also has seven l By sharing electrons FF

Covalent bonding l Fluorine has seven valence electrons l A second atom also has seven l By sharing electrons FF

Covalent bonding l Fluorine has seven valence electrons l A second atom also has seven l By sharing electrons l Both end with full orbitals FF

Covalent bonding l Fluorine has seven valence electrons l A second atom also has seven l By sharing electrons l Both end with full orbitals FF 8 Valence electrons

Covalent bonding l Fluorine has seven valence electrons l A second atom also has seven l By sharing electrons l Both end with full orbitals FF 8 Valence electrons

COVALENT BONDING Some molecules dissolve in water and some do not. Low melting points and boiling points- molecules are easily separated Poor conductors

Examples Water Carbon dioxide Gasoline DNA Plastic Sugar Diamond

Covalent Bonds ntent/user/ /bis10v/media/ch0 2/bond_types.htmlhttps://smartsite.ucdavis.edu/access/co ntent/user/ /bis10v/media/ch0 2/bond_types.html

Metallic Bonds Forms between metal atoms Metals hold onto their valence electrons very weakly. WEAK BONDS Think of them as positive ions floating in a sea of electrons.

Sea of Electrons Electrons are free to move through the solid. Metals conduct electricity.

Metals are Malleable Hammered into shape (bend). Ductile - drawn into wires.