Probability and Patterns of Inheritance—Lesson 5 Mrs. Anna Ward James Martin MS

DO NOW!!!! Label the following genotypes as HOMOZYGOUS (HO) or HETEROZYGOUS: HH Hh ee pp Pp Ee XX Aa Brown Eyes (B) are dominant to recessive eyes (b). What color eyes does each genotype produce? BB— Bb— bb--

DO NOW!!!! Solution Label the following genotypes as HOMOZYGOUS (HO) or HETEROZYGOUS: HH--HO Hh--HE ee--HO pp--HO Pp--HE Ee--HE XX--HO Aa--HE Brown Eyes (B) are dominant to recessive eyes (b). What color eyes does each genotype produce? BB—BROWN EYES Bb—BROWN EYES bb—BLUE EYES

NOTEBOOK CHECK WEDNESDAY THANK YOU FOR FINDING YOUR Announcements TEST ON TUESDAY NOTEBOOK CHECK WEDNESDAY THANK YOU FOR FINDING YOUR ASSIGNED SEATS

Agenda Continue to Review Punnett Squares, Probability and Patterns of Inheritance Unit Choral Response Practice: Zork Genetics Introduce Pedigrees

Choral Response: Genotype/Phenotype

Choral Response: Homozygous & Heterozygous

Choral Response: Dominant and Recessive

Zork Genetics BACKGROUND: A long time ago, in a galaxy far, far away, a great race of beings lived on a planet called ZORK. The inhabitants were known as Zorkonians. They are made up of 10 basic genes (unit) that code for their appearance. Each one of these genes is made up 2 alleles (traits). With this in mind, there are 1,024 different possible combinations for their appearance! This is called their phenotype or their physical appearance. If we look at their genes, there are 59,049 different combinations of the alleles! This is called the genotype or genetic makeup. Remember that we use letters for the alleles that control the genes and one letter or allele is inherited from each parent. You will be using Zorks, who use the same genetic principles as a pea plant, to see how genes are passed on and inherited. You will be using Punnett Squares to do this.

Problem 1 1. Cross a heterozygous green skinned zork with a yellow skinned zork. A. What do the possible offspring look Like?

Problem 2 2. Cross a homozygous two horned zork with a heterozygous two horned zork. A. What are the genotypes of the possible offspring?

Problem 3 3. Cross a heterozygous green haired zork with a heterozygous green haired zork. A. What are the genotypes and phenotypes of the possible offspring?

Problem 4 4. Cross a green lipped zork with a heterozygous purple lipped zork. A. What are the number of phenotypes and genotypes of the offspring? Hint: Count what is in the boxes!

Problem 5 5. Tork, who is homozygous for tall meets Vorkina, who is short. A. What are the phenotypes and genotypes if they were to have offspring?

Problems 6-10 Please work independently. Stay in your seat. Raise your hand if you have a question.

What is a pedigree??? A PEDIGREE is a chart of an individual's ancestors used in human genetics to analyze Mendelian inheritance of certain traits, especially of familial diseases In other words…. A PEDIGREE is a type of chart scientists use to map out the history of traits within a family, often for diseases

What do you notice about this image of a Pedigree?

Pedigrees… Squares—for males Circles—for females In a pedigree, scientists use: Squares—for males Circles—for females Horizontal Lines—Marriages (or Mating) Vertical Lines—Offspring

Pedigrees… Shaded Shapes: Have the trait Un-shaded Shapes: Do NOT have the trait (but could be a carrier)

Pedigrees This is one easy way to track for diseases, particulary before genetic testing. It also shows how traits are passed down within a family. Next week, you will get to create your own PEDIGREE!!!!

EXIT TICKET…. In pea plants, Tall (T) is dominant to short (t). 1. What is the possible genotype(s) for tall plants? What is the possible genotype(s) for short plants? What would TT produce? What would Tt produce? What would tt produce?