The New Deal

Launching the New Deal Restoring Confidence  Fireside Chats  “Bank Holiday” Declared  What was the purpose of these?  Emergency Banking Act  Glass-Steagall Act  Creates the FDIC  Securities and Exchange Commission  What did this do?  Fireside chats Fireside chats 2 The Radio President (FDR Library)

Launching the New Deal Agricultural Adjustment Act What did it do? Large Farmers Favored Farm Security Administration / environmental concerns 3 Farmer with his allotment of cotton seed which he has just bought cooperatively at Roanoke Farms, NC (Library of Congress)

Launching the New Deal Industrial Recovery National Recovery Administration Established Minimum wage, 40 hr weeks, no child labor Failure of the NRA Regional Planning Tennessee Valley Authority Benefits of the TVA Improved water transportation, eliminated flooding, provided electricity to thousands 4

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The Tennessee Valley Authority 6

Growth of Federal Relief Fed. Emergency Relief Admin. Civilian Works Administration Created public works projects, temporary employment Civilian Conservation Corps What did the CCC do? 7 CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps) workers, Prince Georges County, Maryland (Library of Congress)

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VcHmdIFyc VcHmdIFyc 12 NEW DEAL

The New Deal in Transition Critics of the New Deal American Liberty League Established Townsend Plan Father Charles Coughlin Long’s Share-Our-Wealth Plan Demagogues 13 Townsend Plan supporter. Columbus, Kansas (Library of Congress)

Fr. Coughlin’s radical ideas popular with many. Fr. Coughlin’s radical ideas popular with many. Huey Long and wealth distribution. Huey Long and wealth distribution.

Republican joke of the 1930s Socialism: If you own two cows you give one to your neighbor. Communism: You give both cows to the government and the government gives you back some milk. Fascism: You keep both cows, but the government takes your milk, and sells some of it back to you. New Deal: You shoot both cows and milk the government.

New Deal in Transition The “Second New Deal” Holding Company Act National Labor Relations Board Compelled employers to recognize and bargain with unions Labor Militancy Increased labor militancy Congress of Industrial Organizations More open to women and minorities than the AFL 16 Striking zinc miner. Columbus, Kansas (Library of Congress)

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Social Security  What did the Social Security Act do?  Retirement  Poor  Unemployment  Disabilities  Dependent children and mothers  Need-Based Direct Assistance Social Security Poster, 1935 (Library of Congress) 18

New Deal in Transition New Directions in Relief WPA – employed 2.1 million Americans! Harry Hopkins 110,000 public buildings 600 airports 500,000 miles of roads The 1936 “Referendum” Alf Landon Electoral Realignment 19

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New Deal in Disarray The Court Fight “Court-Packing Plan” Defeated What did FDR try to do? Why? Retrenchment and Recession  Sources of the “Roosevelt Recession”  Why did the recession happen?  End of the New Deal 21

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The New Deal, the Economy, and Politics The New Deal’s Economic Legacy American Welfare State Established 23 President Roosevelt speaking at Bismarck, North Dakota (Library of Congress)