SEC. 4.3 USING DERIVATIVES FOR CURVE SKETCHING. IN THE LEFT HAND COLUMN ARE GRAPHS OF SEVERAL FUNCTIONS. IN THE RIGHT- HAND COLUMN – IN A DIFFERENT ORDER.

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Presentation transcript:

SEC. 4.3 USING DERIVATIVES FOR CURVE SKETCHING

IN THE LEFT HAND COLUMN ARE GRAPHS OF SEVERAL FUNCTIONS. IN THE RIGHT- HAND COLUMN – IN A DIFFERENT ORDER – ARE GRAPHS OF THE ASSOCIATED DERIVATIVE FUNCTIONS. MATCH EACH FUNCTION WITH ITS DERIVATIVE. [NOTE: THE SCALES ON THE GRAPHS ARE NOT ALL THE SAME.]

In the past, one of the important uses of derivatives was as an aid in curve sketching. Even though we usually use a calculator or computer to draw complicated graphs, it is still important to understand the relationships between derivatives and graphs.

First derivative: is positive Curve is rising. is negative Curve is falling. is zero Possible local maximum or minimum. Second derivative: is positive Curve is concave up. is negative Curve is concave down. is zero Possible inflection point (where concavity changes).

Example: Graph There are roots at and. Set First derivative test: negative positive Possible extreme at. We can use a chart to organize our thoughts.

Example: Graph There are roots at and. Set First derivative test: maximum at minimum at Possible extreme at.

Example: Graph First derivative test: NOTE: On the AP Exam, it is not sufficient to simply draw the chart and write the answer. You must give a written explanation! There is a local maximum at (0,4) because for all x in and for all x in (0,2). There is a local minimum at (2,0) because for all x in (0,2) and for all x in.

Because the second derivative at x = 0 is negative, the graph is concave down and therefore (0,4) is a local maximum. Example: Graph There are roots at and. Possible extreme at. Or you could use the second derivative test: Because the second derivative at x = 2 is positive, the graph is concave up and therefore (2,0) is a local minimum.

inflection point at There is an inflection point at x = 1 because the second derivative changes from negative to positive. Example: Graph We then look for inflection points by setting the second derivative equal to zero. Possible inflection point at. negative positive

Make a summary table: rising, concave down local max falling, inflection point local min rising, concave up 

Example: