Population & Urbanization

 Identify factors that affect the size & structure of populations & explain how sociologists measure these factors.  Summarize how sociologists explain population change & describe the programs that have been instituted to control population growth.

 the number of people living in an area at a particular time

 area of sociology devoted to the study of human populations

 annual number of live births per 1,000 members of the population Live Births  Birthrate = Total Population X 1,000

 annual deaths per 1,000 members of the population  mortality: number of deaths within society  infant mortality rate: annual number of deaths among infants under one year of age per 1,000 members of the population

 annual difference between in-migration & out-migration

 the rate at which a country’s population is increasing  calculated by subtracting the death rate from the birthrate  usually expressed as a percentage

 Thomas Malthus  geometric progression of population vs. arithmetic progression of food supply  Malthusian checks/limits:  war  disease  famine  natural disasters  population is based on technological advancement (capital)  3 main stages:  High BR, High DR  High BR, Low DR  Low BR, Low DR  zero-population growth = equal BR & DR Demographic Transition Theory Malthusian Theory

 Malthus & Geography Malthus & Geography  Demographic Transition: Visual Model Demographic Transition: Visual Model

 the conscious decision by couples to have a certain number of children  antinatalism: official policies used to discourage couples from having children

 belief that better health, higher levels of income & education will lower birthrates  some argue that economic redistribution would reduce poverty and allow this to happen

 Page 419: #2-3  Page 431: #3-4  Page 432: #1-10 Identifying People & Ideas  Page 432: #1-5 Understanding Main Ideas  Page 433: #1-4 Building Social Studies Skills

 Either on your own or with a partner, create a proposal to be given to a group of world leaders on the topic of world population control.  Be sure to include your methods, a timetable, hypothesis on the effectiveness of your plan & a reasoning for your decision.  Your proposal should take the following into account:  Ethics regarding war, infanticide & population limitation  Economic issues  Practicality of implementation  Response of the population (push back)