Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Software: Systems and Application Software Chapter 4

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Principles and Learning Objectives When selecting an operating system, you must consider the current and future needs for application software to meet the needs of the organization. In addition, your choice of a particular operating system must be consistent with your choice of hardware. –Identify & describe the functions of the 2 basic kinds of software. –Outline the role of the operating system & identify the features of several popular operating systems.

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Principles and Learning Objectives Do not develop proprietary application software unless doing so will meet a compelling business need that can provide a competitive advantage. –Discuss how applications software can support personal, workgroup, and enterprise business objectives. –Identify 3 basic approaches to developing applications software and discuss the pros and cons of each.

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Principles and Learning Objectives Choose a programming language whose functional characteristics are appropriate to the task at hand, taking into consideration the skills and experience of the programming staff. –Outline the evolution of programming languages. The software industry continues to undergo constant change; users need to be aware of recent trends and issues to be effective in their business and personal life. –Differentiate among the five generations of programming languages.

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition An Overview of Software Computer program - sequences of instructions for the computer Documentation - describes program functions Systems software - coordinates the activities of hardware & programs Applications software - helps users solve particular problems

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition The Importance of Software in Business

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Supporting Individual, Group, and Organizational Goals

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Operating Systems

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Operating Systems Perform common hardware functions Provide a user interface Provide hardware independence Manage system memory Manage processing Control access to system resources Manage files

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition The Role of the Operating System

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Common Hardware Functions Accept keyboard input Store data on disks Send data to output devices

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition User Interface Command-based interfaces Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs)

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Hardware Independence

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Memory Management

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Processing Tasks Multitasking - more than one program can run at a time using a single processor Time-sharing - multiple users can simultaneously use the resources of a single processor Scalability - easy adaptation to more users or tasks

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Access to System Resources Protection against unauthorized access Logins and passwords

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Personal Computer Operating Systems

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Personal Computer Operating Systems

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Workgroup Operating Systems Netware Windows NT Server 4.0 Windows 2000 Server Unix Red Hat Linux Mac OS X Server

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Enterprise Operating Systems IBM’s OS/390 HP’s MPE/iX (Multiprogramming Executive with integrated POSIX) IBM’s z/OS Linux

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Consumer Appliance Operating Systems Windows CE.NET Mobil Linux Windows XP Embedded Handheld PC Pocket PC Palm OS

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Nokia 7650

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Utility Programs

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Types and Functions of Applications Software

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Sources of Software

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Comparison of Proprietary and Off-the-Shelf Software

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Personal Application Software

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Personal and Application Software

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Personal and Application Software

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition TurboTax

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Quicken

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Word Processing

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Spreadsheet Analysis

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Database Applications

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Graphics Programs

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition On-Line Information Systems

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Software Suite

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Workgroup Application Software Groupware Collaborative computing software

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Group Scheduling

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Examples of Enterprise Application Software

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Enterprise Application Software

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Selected Enterprise Resource Vendors

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Programming Languages Commands and statements combined according to a particular syntax Different languages have different characteristics

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Programming Languages

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition First-Generation Languages Machine language ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Second-Generation Languages Assembly languages Assemblers Symbolic language

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Third-Generation Languages

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Fourth-Generation Languages 4GLs Programs tell the CPU the desired results, not how to get them Examples: SQL, SAS

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Fifth-Generation Languages 5GLs Uses a visual or graphical development interface to create source language Examples: Visual Basic, PC COBOL, and Visual C++

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Object-Oriented Programming Languages Objects - data and actions that can be performed on the data Encapsulation - group items into an object Polymorphism - one procedure can work with multiple objects Inheritance - an object in a particular class gets attributes of that class

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Object-Oriented Programming Languages

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Software Issues & Trends Software bugs Open source software Software licensing Software upgrades Global software support Antitrust issues for software

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition How to Deal with Software Bugs

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Summary Software - consists of programs that control the workings of the computer hardware Operating system - set of computer programs that controls the computer hardware Application - software that applies the power of the computer to solve problems and perform specific tasks Programming languages - provide instructions to a computer to perform some processing activity