Answer the following questions based on the picture to the right. 1. What features can you identify in the photograph? 2. Where do you think this photograph came from? 3. If you were an Earth scientist, how could you use this photograph in your work?

 Definition: describing something you are studying, using only facts that you can see, touch, hear or smell. An observation is not an opinion.

 Inference: using your observations to make a guess about an object or an outcome.

◦ We can OBSERVE that the turtle is on the stump. ◦ We can OBSERVE that the stump is too high for the turtle to climb on. ◦ We can INFER that someone put the turtle on the stump. Guided Practice: ◦ We can __________________that someone is smiling. ◦ We can _______________that they are happy. ◦ We can __________that a student is writing down their homework. ◦ We can __________that they are a successful student.

Guided Practice: ◦ We can _OBSERVE__that someone is smiling. ◦ We can ___INFER___that they are happy. ◦ We can ___OBSERVE___that a student is writing down their homework. ◦ We can ___INFER___that they are a successful student.

 Making observations of optical illusions.

Independent Variable: The variable that you CHANGE (aka the manipulative variable.) Dependent Variable: The variable that you observe and MEASURE the RESULT of Change

Observation: A gardener wants to test if the fertilizer, “Easy Grow” will cause more growth (measured by length of stem) on his red roses rather than normal soil. What is the independent variable? What is the dependent variable?

Independent Variable: Type of Soil: Fertilizer (Grow Easy) or normal soil Dependent Variable: Length of red roses stems

Experimental group: the subject(s) being tested Control group: the subject(s) who do not receive experimental treatment and are used as a comparison

Observation: A gardener wants to test if the fertilizer, “Easy Grow” will cause more growth (measured by length of stem) on his red roses rather than normal soil. What is the experimental group? What is the dependent variable?

Observation: A gardener wants to test if the fertilizer, “Easy Grow” will cause more growth (measured by length of stem) on his red roses rather than normal soil. What is the experimental group? Red roses grown in fertilizer What is the dependent variable? Red roses grown in normal soil

Question: Is there a relationship between the number of hours spent studying and the score a student gets on the weekly quiz? Define: Independent Variable Dependent Variable Experimental Group Control Group

Independent Variable Number of hours spent studying Dependent Variable Score on the weekly quiz Experimental Group Students studying more (or less) hours than normal Control Group Students studying their normal amount of hours

 A psychologist is studying the effects of steroids on the aggressive behavior of female rats. 24 female rats receive daily injections of a placebo (sugar pill that has no effect), while 24 others receive daily injections of the steroid. Round-the-clock videotapes of the rats allow all aggressive encounters to be counted and timed.

 Independent Variable steroid usage in rats  Dependent Variable­ aggressive behavior  Experimental Group the rats who received the real steroid treatment  Control Group the rats who received the placebo treatment

 May talk quietly to neighbor  Do not get out of your seat- unless approved  Only time allowed for bathroom ◦ One student a time  Pencil/Pen in hand practicing content & skills

 Simpsons Practice Simpsons Practice