BRUSSELS AIRPORT CDM PROJECT Wim Tytgat (Sabena) & Olivier Delain (EEC)

Collaborative Improvements Project Articulation Functional CDM Model Identification of user cases/actors Business Process Description 1 Identification of problems &targeted improvements Making Choices Collaborative Improvements 2 CDM Instantiation 3 Proposal Refinement Identification of Metrics/Indicators Preparation of implementation Description of Experiments Implementation Scope & Objective Modelling Tool Devising & Testing alternative policies Evaluating Benefits against dashboard CDM Modelling 4

Problem with Data Quality CDM Objective Problem with Data Quality Predictabiliy, Accuracy , Completeness , Timeliness Wrong / Bad Decisions Reduction of the last minute gate changes ? Between A r r i v a l and D e p a r t u r e

Quality of Information Timeliness: Horizon (min) Arrivals Departure Accuracy: Actual-Estimated time (min) Poor quality of information ..... Results in Wrong / bad decisions

Planned Rotations Vs. Reality Zoom

Predictability and Accuracy 1h23’ Ready Take off EOBT CTOT Life Example ATFM Delay = 30’ Taxi Time = 20’ 08:19 08:25 08:55 09:15 09:42 AOBT ATOT 08:55 SUC: 18’ 09:13 Taxi Out: 29 ’ Pilot: Ready ! TWR: Please call at 08:55 TWR: No 7 for SUC SUC Taxi-out Estimate: 5’ High sensitivity to : Hub Effects & Weather Wrong Taxi out time Missed Slot DEPARTURE Punctuality

Planning Under Uncertainty SAB2468 SAB1357 Slack Time 15’ Slack Time 15’ S/G Managment EIBT EOBT EIBT EOBT 2’ Reality AOBT EIBT AIBT Gaming Theory ...... Experience may lead to late S/G change Disruption (missing pax, connecting px) AIBT Uncertainty Last minute gate change Waste of Capacity

Summary Airport G. Handling ATC TWR ATC En Route CFMU AOs S/G conflicts Inefficient Use of Resources Throughput G. Handling Conflicts Inefficient Use of Resources Throughput ATC TWR Unused RWY Slots Departure Sequence Throughput ATC En Route Overloads Reduced Capacity Safety CFMU Slot Adherence Lost slots Overdeliveries System Inefficiency AOs Induced Effects Delays Costs

Reduction of the last minute changes 5: TOBT: target off block time 3: Airport (S&G) View on CFMU operational decisions (slots) 1: Milestones approach (set and control) Proposals / Enablers 4: ETA updates en-route / ETD next legs impact 6: Determine and publish taxi out time (gate=elementary element) 2: Propagation of information available at outstation ETD/ETA Arrivals Departure 7: Pre-notice Start up Clearance Delivery (reduceduced R/T)

Disencentives exist for airlines to publish the “real” EOBT, Today - Day of Operations CTOT Late implementation, rectification or extension of a regulation nearby may lead to penalties NEW CTOT EOBT 07:00 AOBT ATA EOBT 08:40 09:25 ATOT AOBT ATA EOBT ATOT 07:00 08:40 09:25 Disencentives exist for airlines to publish the “real” EOBT, “Double Penalty” Phenomenon Mutual lack of understanding result in delays, absence of flexibility, lack of efficiency, etc (change of attitude by training)

Milestones Approach Surface [outstation] In flight phase Surface [Brussels Station] In flight phase At EOBT[N] -2h At EOBT[N+1] -2h EVENT-BASED SIT1 N ATA AIBT N-1 N-1 AOBT ATOT N N FDO SB GC DC SUR SUC AOBT ATOT ATA AIBT N+1 N+1 N N SIT1 N+1 MILESTONES M1 M2 M3 M5 M6 M9 M10 update ETA [N] EOBT [N]-20’ ETA [N] , EOBTs (next leg & connecting flights) ETA [N]-30’ M8 EOBT [N+1]-30’ TOBT [N+1] init M11 M13 M14 M15 M16 M17 M18 M19 M4 M7 M12 TIME-BASED

Surface EOBT-30’ TOBT-20’ EOBT TOBT Target OBT TOBT Window Init. TOBT Landing Clearance Taxi-in clearance Aircraft In Block Jetways Deployed 1st Door Open Cargo Doors Opened First Bag Unloaded (arrival status) Last Bag Unloaded (arrival status) Check in Open Final Call Check in Closed Gate Closed Bus Call (remote) Embarkation Complete (remote) Flight Attendants Ready Cabin Ready Refuelling Start Refuelling Finished Start Boarding End Boarding First Bag Loaded (departure status) Last Bag Loaded (departure status) Cargo Doors Closed Cabin Doors Closed A/C Doors Closed Pilot Ready Start Up Request Start Up Clearance Ready to Push Pushback Start De-icing End De-icing Taxi Out Clearance Take Off Clearance TOBT Window EOBT-30’ Init. TOBT Adjust TOBT Update TOBT-20’ Confirmed TOBT EOBT Target OBT Belgocontrol Parking Control Sabena OCC Ground Handling TOBT

ETA and EOBT Accuracy ETA EOBT ATA < 15’ CTA [N] EOBT ATA < 6’ [N+1] [N+2] ATA < 15’ ETA [N] CTA [N] EOBT [N+1] ATA < 6’ AOBT < 5’ EOBT [N] TOBT ATA ATOT ATA AOBT ATA EOBT [N] -20’ ETA [N] -30’ EOBT [N+1] -30’ Inbound Flight [N] Outbound Flight [N+1] EOBT[N] -20’ ATA -8’ < ETA <ATA +15’ [N] ETA[N] -30’ ATA -4 < ETA < ATA +6’ [N] EOBT [N+1] -30’ AOBT- 5’ < TOBT < AOBT + 5’ [N]

Architecture Other Site BRUSSELS Firewall SLA CFMU BIAC Belgocontrol CDM Processes SLA Data Quality & Performance D A T R E P O S I Y CFMU Completeness BIAC Existing Airport Central Data Base (CDB) Belgocontrol ATC Sabena Airport Other AOs Milestones AOs Other Handlers CDM Contract Ground Handling

Collaborative Pre-Start-Up Clearance AIRLINE, PILOT HANDLING AGENTS RESPONSIBILITY ATC RESPONSIBILITY TOBT Updates window CTOT Window EOBT-30’ TOBT-20’ TOBT TOBT accuracy  5’ TOBT accuracy < 5’ UNECESSARY TO REQUEST START-UP SUC TOBT-20’ TOBT ESUC PUSHBACK TWR/ PLANNER: PREPARE SEQUENCE TAXI PILOT MUST BE READY FOR PUSHBACK TAKEOFF  2’ TWR: START-UP CLEARANCE PUSHBACK

Slot Adaptation Proposal ESUC SUC Taxi Time Tower Delay CTOT ATFM Delay Taxi-time 20’ CFMU Delay > 15’ EOBT-30’ TOBT-20’ TOBT A.O.C / Handlers EOBT Delays: AOC + ATC CFMU = AOBT ATOT TOBT Taxi Time CTOT Slot Adaptation? New CTOT + T.T + SLOT = SAP SAP

2002 Axes Propagate the approach to other actors in Brussels (AOs, Handlers) Implement Approach and Analyse Benefits (Early 2002) Develop Data Quality Framework (Metrics, Tool) Build Service Level Agreements Develop co-operation with CFMU around Milestones approach (TOBT) Enhance Taxi Time Prediction Develop new collaborative procedures

Used Acronyms SIT1 SLOT ISSUE TIME (CFMU) ESUC ESTIMATED START UP CLEARANCE EOBT ESTIMATED OFF BLOCK TIME SUR START UP REQUEST TOBT TARGET OFF BLOCK TIME SUC START UP CLEARANCE AOBT ACTUAL OFF BLOCK TIME TT TAXI TIME CTOT CALCULATED TAKE OFF TIME (CFMU) ETD ESTIMATED TIME OF DEPARTURE ATOT ACTUAL TAKE OFF TIME ETA ESTIMATED TIME OF ARRIVAL CTA CALCULATED TIME OF ARRIVAL ATA ACTUAL TIME OF ARRIVAL AIBT ACTUAL IN BLOCK TIME FDO FIRST DOOR OPENED SB START BOARDING GC GATE CLOSED DC DOORS CLOSED