Streptococcus pneumoniae Lecture 9 Summer, 2004 Demosthenes Pappagianis, MD MMI 480B.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Antimicrobial Prescribing in the Management of COPD

Advertisements

Chest Infections Lawrence Pike.

Pulmonary adaptive responses against bacterial pathogens J S Brown Reader in Respiratory Infection Centre for Respiratory Research Department of Medicine.

Risk of invasive H. influenzae disease in patients with chronic renal failure: a call for vaccination? M. Ulanova, S. Gravelle, N. Hawdon, S. Malik, D.

Population- based Surveillance of Reportable Diseases in Nursing Home Facilities in Nebraska Manjiri Joshi, MPH + Alison Keyser Metobo, MPH + + Epidemiology.

The Effect of Serotype on Early and Late Mortality in Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Hull and East Yorkshire Chloe Walsh ACF infectious diseases.

Meningitis by Hisinta Whorton March 23, History & Epidemiology Epidemic meningitis is a relatively recent phenomenon The first recorded major outbreak.

Bipolar Gram Negative Rods

Community-acquired bacterial infections. The most frequent etiologic agents of bacterial tonsillitis and tonsillopharyngitis are Streptococcus pyogenes.

 Cefixime is quickly establishing in Western countries as a potent broad-spectrum antibiotic with a variety of indications. A multinational, nonrandomized.

Nikola Bla ž evi ć Mentor: A. Ž mega č Horvat. - inflammation of the lungs caused by infection - many different causes: bacteria, viruses, fungi, idiopathic.

Pneumonia Why do we need to know about it? Long recognized as a major cause of death, Pneumonia has been studied intensively since late 1800s. Despite.

Pneumococcal Disease and Pneumococcal Vaccines Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine- Preventable Diseases National Immunization Program Centers for Disease.

Streptococcus pneumoniae Chapter 23. Streptococcus pneumoniae S. pneumoniae was isolated independently by Pasteur and Steinberg more than 100 years ago.

Morphologic Changes in Lobar Pneumonia  A classic example of acute inflammation.  It involves FOUR STAGES: 1 st STAGE: STAGE OF CONGESTION: This stage.

Lower Respiratory Tract Infection. Pneumonia Common with high morbidity and mortality rates. Acute respiratory infection with focal chest signs and radiographic.

Pneumococcal Disease and Pneumococcal Vaccines Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine- Preventable Diseases National Immunization Program Centers for Disease.

Dr. George Nelson Public health doctor specializing in respiratory disease Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Pneumococcal Pneumonia and Pandemic.

Pneumonia: Definition: Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung— especially affecting the microscopic air sacs (alveoli), and the parenchyma.

Update on Antimicrobial Resistance Allison McGeer, MD, FRCPC Mount Sinai Hospital

Bacterial Pneumonia Sung Chul Hwang, M.D. Dept. of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Ajou University School of Medicine.

Haemophilus influenzae type b

Dalia Kamal Eldien Mohammed.  Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are any infection of the sinuses, throat or lungs.  They're usually caused by viruses,

Prevention of pneumococcal disease – What are the prospects? Allison McGeer, MSc, MD, FRCPC Mount Sinai Hospital University of Toronto Allison McGeer,

Diseases of the Respiratory System. Infections of the Respiratory tract Most common entry point for infections Upper respiratory tract –nose, nasal cavity,

BIO 411 – Medical Microbiology Chapter 9 Commensal and Pathogenic Microbial Flora.

CSI 101 Skills Lab 2 Standard Precautions Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Daryl P. Lofaso, M.Ed, RRT.

Connie Cavenaugh UAMS’ Infection Control Practitioner

Hib, Pneumo, Hep A and B MedCh 401 Lecture 4 19May06

 At the end of the lecture, students should :  Describe briefly common types of meningitis  Describe the principles of treatment  List the name of.

SPM 100 Clinical Skills Lab 1 Standard Precautions Sterile Technique Daryl P. Lofaso, M.Ed, RRT.

Meningitis: The Basics Steven M. Snodgrass M.D.. What is meningitis ? Inflammation of the meninges/leptomeninges – the pia, arachnoid, and dura mater.

 Bacteria  Viruses  Fungi  Parasites  Idiopathic.

Quality Assurance for Pneumococcal Assays in Europe Daniel Harrison.

Central Nervous System Infections. RABIES.

Bacterial Infection of Cardiovascular system By Dr. Humodi A. Saeed Associate Prof. of Medical Microbiology College of Medical Laboratory Science Sudan.

TABLE Common Causes of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Patients Who Do Not Require Hospitalization* Mycoplasma pneumoniae Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Response to foreign body Inflammatory reaction –Localized –Generalized Generalized inflammatory reaction –Infective –Noninfective Sepsis: Generalized inflammatory,

Bacterial Pneumonia.

Principles of Disease and Epidemiology. Host and Microbe A delicate relationship exists between pathogenic microorganisms and body defenses. When the.

SPM 100 Skills Lab 1 Standard Precautions Sterile Technique Daryl P. Lofaso, M.Ed, RRT Clinical Skills Lab Coordinator.

Bacterial Infections HB Bacteria are: Unicellular Unicellular Small (1-4  m) Small (1-4  m) Prokaryotes- no nucleus or membrane bound organelles.

Chronic Bronchitis Breathlessness, and Productive purulent cough, and Fever Chest X-ray for to exclude lung neoplasm,

LAB 7: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM: UPPER AND LOWER.

RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS. World Lung Foundation

Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumococus PneumoniaMeningitisbacteraemia.

Andriy Lepyavko, MD, PhD Department of Internal Medicine № 2.

The University of Jordan Faculty of Medicine Gram-negative coccobacilli and cocci Prof. Dr. Asem Shehabi and Dr. Suzan Matar.

Visibility of Vaccination and How Do We Improve?

Bacterial Meningitis Brie Noble.

1 Pneumonia. 2 Pneumonia  Mild case--walking pneumonia  Entire lobe--lobar pneumonia  Segment of a lobe--segmental or lobular pneumonia  Alveoli close.

Commensal and Pathogenic Microbial Flora in Humans

Osteomyelitis Osteomyelitis: Pathogenesis:

Meningitis PHCL 442 Lab Discussion Jamilah Al-Saidan M.Sc.

Treatment Of Respiratory Tract infections. Prof. Azza ELMedany Department of Pharmacology Ext

 At the end of the lecture, students should :  Describe briefly common types of meningitis  Describe the principles of treatment  List the name of.

Pneumonias Pneumonia is an inflamatory reaction in the lung, in which the alveolar air is replaced by inflammatory exudate.

Lec.4 Laboratory diagnosis of strep pyogenes Laboratory diagnosis of strep pyogenes 1.Specimens: 2. Smears:. 3.Culture:. Colonies of S. pyogenes (GAS)

Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumococus PneumoniaMeningitisbacteraemia.

Chapter 10 Airborne Bacterial Diseases Structure and Indigenous Microbiota of the Respiratory System Upper respiratory defenses limit microbe colonization.

September 16, 2014 Bedford Senior Center Joyce Cheng RN Community Health Nurse Bedford Board of Health.

MALDI TOF analysis of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Cerebrospinal Fluid for the diagnosis of Acute Bacterial Meningitis Dr. R. Ravikumar, M.D., Professor.

Pneumococcal Disease and Pneumococcal Vaccines Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine- Preventable Diseases National Center for Immunization and Respiratory.

Gram-negative coccobacilli and cocci Prof. Dr. Asem Shehabi Faculty of Medicine University of Jordan University of Jordan.

PNEUMONIA DR. FAWAD AHMAD RANDHAWA M.B.B.S. ( KING EDWARD MEDICAL COLLEGE) M.C.P.S; F.C.P.S. ( MEDICINE) F.C.P.S. ( ENDOCRINOLOGY) ASSISTANT PROFESSOR.

Pulmonary infections 1 By: Shefaa’ qa’qa’.

Pneumococcal infection in adults: burden of disease

Gram-negative coccobacilli and cocci

Presentation transcript:

Streptococcus pneumoniae Lecture 9 Summer, 2004 Demosthenes Pappagianis, MD MMI 480B

The world’s deadliest infections* AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency synodrome. *Worldwide mortality data, for 1990(complied by the World Health Organization and the Harvard School of Public Health

Representative Organisms

Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

EM Diplococci - Strep

Lancet

Portion of cell wall peptidoglycan Amidase action

Streptococcus pneumoniae ( pneumococcus) type 3 pneumococcus

Type 3 and Type 8 antigens pneumococcus cross reaction

Predominant type in descending order of frequency Present in “23-valent” vaccine 85% * most often in pneumonia: 23, 26 (6B), 9(9F) in meningitis Serotypes (Capsular) of Streptococcus pneumoniae

Pneumonias Community Acquired Nosocomial % of patients 65Streptococcus pneumoniae CoKlebsiella pneumoniae 12Haemophilus influenzaEscherichia coli Co 2Staphylococcus aureus CO60Serratia marcescens Co 1Gram negative aerobic bacilli CoEnterobacter spp Co 4Miscellaneous agents * CoPseudomonas sp Co 4Legionella spp Co13Staphylococcus aureus 7Mycoplasma pneumoniae 8Streptococcus pneumoniae Co 1Chlamydia pneumoniae 3Viruses *Moraxella catarrhalis Mycobacterium tuberculosis Endemic fungi Co = Comorbid condition

Influenza Normal respiratory ciliated pseudostratified epithelium Epithelium damaged by influenza virus

Pneumococci Type I Alveolar Edema

Pneumonia/Congestion

Lobar Pneumonia

Bronchopneumonia in 4 1/2 y/o female

Alveolar exudate

Untreated Lobar Pneumonia

Acute Bacterial Meningitis * Has become infrequent in USA ** Especially in hospitalized patients *** Especially with underlying disease, e.g. renal failure

76 y/o man - died of acute pneumococcal meningitis Arrows point to depressed scar Exudate

Percentage of persons aged >/= 65 years who reported receiving influenza or pneumococcal vaccine, by year Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States,

Strep. pneumoniae Sites of resistance to antimicrobials

Prevalence of bacterial causes of common infections Bacteria Pneumoniae Otitis mediaSinusitis Meningitis Streptococcus pneumoniae8.4% 40%30% 35% Legionella species6% Hemophilus influenzae5.3% 25%20% 10% Mycoplasma pneumoniae3.6% Moraxella (Branhamella)-- 10%20% -- Catarrhalis Neisseria meningitidis % Mycobacterium tuberculosis1.5% Unknown43% 25%30% -- *Percentages do not add up to 100% in some cases because not all species are included. Infection *

Bacterial Meningitis in the United States in 1995 Causes of 248 Cases of Bacterial Meningitis in 1995 and Overall Case Fatality Rate According to Organism *Because of rounding, the percentages do not total The incidence is the number of cases per 100,000 population. ++Outcome data were missing for 11 cases of meningitis (4 percent). The case fatality rates are based on cases with known outcomes.

Resistance of Strep. Pneumoniae to fluoroquinolones

Aural Trauma Strep. pneumo. meningitis

Early Consolidation - alveoli with Strep. pneumoniae

Inner Zone of Advanced Consolidation (pneumococi phagocytosed)

Type Distribution of Pneumoccoccal Pneumonias in Adults and Children (Collected from various sources) Incidence (Per cent)

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Streptococcus pneumoniae type 1 in alveoli clumped by antibody

Leukocyte containing opsonized pneumococci

Lung, organizing pneumonia

Lobar Pneumonia

Optochin disk, Strep. pneumoniae P = oPtochin disc