Target 8/18/14: 1. What is an atom? 2. What are the subatomic particles and their charges? * you will need your comp book, the blank periodic table, and three shades of colored pencils*

Notes: The Periodic Table

The Periodic Table contains all of the elements – natural and synthetic

On the Periodic Table, Rows are called periods

Pattern: As you move from left to right, elements become less metallic and more massive.

Elements are classified as metals, nonmetals, and metalloids

Metals are: -good conductors -malleable -ductile -shiny

Nonmetals are: -poor conductors -not shiny -not malleable or ductile

Metalloids: -called semiconductors -mixture of metal/nonmetal properties

On the Periodic Table, Columns are called groups or families

Warm-up: 1. What are the rows on the PTOE called? 2. Where are the metals? 3. Where are the nonmetals?

Pattern: Groups/Families often have similar properties

Why do groups/families have similar properties? Because elements in the same group/family have the same number of valence electrons

The number of valence electrons determines reactivity

The first shell needs to be full before the second shell gets any electrons.

The last, or outer, shell is called the VALENCE SHELL. The electrons in the valence shell are called valence electrons

Energy Level# of electrons

Molecules are made of multiple atoms chemically joined together.

A covalent bond happens when atoms share electrons and usually is between nonmetals.

An ionic bond happens when electrons are transferred between atoms and is usually between metals and nonmetals.

Warm-Up: 1. What are the two types of chemical bonds? 2. How many valence electrons would oxygen have?

Warm-up: 1. Which group/family has 2 valence electrons? 2. How many shells do elements in period 2 have?

Warm-up: For each, give the number of protons, number of neutrons, and number of electrons: 1. Carbon 2. Oxygen 3. Lithium

Additional things to cover: -ionic vs. covalent bonds -components of reactivity (alpha, beta, gamma radiation, half-life, fission vs. fusion)

Additional things to cover:

Warm-Up: 1. How many electrons can fill the first shell of an atom? How many can fill shells 2 & 3? 2. What is the valence shell? 3. Draw a oxygen atom