3-6 Ratios and Proportions Objective: Students will determine whether two ratios are proportional and solve proportions. S. Calahan 2008

Vocabulary Ratio – a comparison of two numbers by division expressed in the following ways. x to y x:y x y

Proportion An equation stating that two ratios are equal. 2 =

Determine whether ratios form a proportion 4 and 24 determine if the larger ratio can be reduced 5 30 to equal the smaller ratio 24 ÷ 6 = 4 30 ÷ 6 = 5 Yes, the ratios are equal, therefore they form a proportion

Cross Products If cross products are equal, then the ratios form a proportion. 6, Write as an equation

6 = Find the cross products. 6(28) = 8(24) 168 = 192 Since the cross products are not equal, the ratios are not proportional.

Means-Extremes Property of Proportions a = b c d a and d are the extremes. C and b are the means. The product of the extremes is equal to the product of the means. a(d) = b(c)

Solve a proportion n = (n) = 15(24) find cross products 16n = divide both sides by 16 n = 22.5

Use Rates The ratio of two measurements having different units of measure. Example: 55miles per hour

Using Rates Trent goes on a 30-mile bike ride every Saturday. He rides the distance in 4 hours. At this rate, how far can the ride in 6 hours? Let m= number of miles Trent can ride in 6 hours.

Write a Proportion 30 miles = miles 4 hours 6 hours So, 30 = m is our equation (6) = 4m cross products 180 = 4m simplify 180 = 4m 4 4 divide by 4 45 = m so, Trent can ride 45 miles in 6 hours.

Scale A ratio or rate called a scale is used when making a model or drawing of something that is too large or too small to be conveniently drawn at actual size. Example: maps and blueprints

Use a Scale Drawing In a road atlas, the scale for the map of Connecticut is 5 inches = 41 miles. What is the distance in miles represented by 2.5 inches on the map? 5 = m 5m = 2.5(41) 5m = m = 20.5