Angiosperms

-Angiosperms are the most advanced tracheophytes (vascular plants). -Angiosperms are the flowering plants. -Possess flowers, covered seeds & fruit. -Angiosperms are unique in that ovules are born in carpels. -Ovary tissue surrounds ovule (Covered Seed). -Only group to have double fertilization Egg + Sperm  Zygote and Polar Nuclei + Sperm  Endosperm Nucleus -2 Main groups Monocots and Dicots (Magnoliids & Eudicots make up the dicots) -One Division  Magnoliophyta (a.k.a Anthophyta). Division Magnoliophyta (Anthophyta) – Flowering Plants Class Magnoliopsida – Dicots Class Liliopsida – Monocots

Division Magnoliophyta A Cladogram of the Flowering Plants.

A phylogeny for the seed plants, showing the relationships between angiosperms (6 groups on the right) and gymnosperms (4 groups on the left) and their main lineages. As you can see from this diagram, the majority of angiosperms have vessels present (found in xylem).

Generalized Life History of an Angiosperm

Angiosperm Diversity Basal Angiosperms- about 170 species, they are ancestral to monocots and dicots; includes water lilies, star anise and Amborella. The water lily (Nymphaea odorata)

Angiosperm Diversity Magnoliids – Some individuals have lost vessels. Examples of magnoliids: Southern flowering magnolia, Tulip Tree, Sassafras. Southern Flowering Magnolia

Angiosperm Diversity Monocots – Single cotyledon, parallel veins in leaves, flower parts in threes, scattered vascular bundles in stems, mostly no secondary growth, often adventitious root system. Commelinid Clade (Nonshowy clade) Monocot examples: Orchids, grasses, lilies, palm, tulip, onion Arrowhead, a monocot

Simplified cladogram of monocot orders, on the basis of DNA analysis. The commelinid clade is nonshowy.

Angiosperm Diversity Eudicots – Pollen with 3 apertures (tricolpate pollen); net veined leaves, two cotyledons, flower parts in fours or fives, vascular bundles in ring of stem, secondary growth present in many species, and often tap root system. Eudicot examples: Composites (Asters), Roses, Potato, Beans, Melon, Oak, Hickory.

Simplified cladogram of eudicots, based on several data sets: ribosomal nuclear genes, chloroplast photosynthetic genes, morphology and others. Rosid clade is very diverse. Asterids are usually herbaceous and Asteracease has the most species (12,000) of any flowering plant family.

The gourd family (Cucurbitaceae), another member of the rosid group.

Cotton, a member of the rosid group.

Monocots Versus Dicots

BIO 141 Botany with Laboratory This product is sponsored by a grant awarded under the President’s Community-Based Job Training Grants as implemented by the U.S. Department of Labor’s Employment and Training Administration. The information contained in this product was created by a grantee organization and does not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Labor. All references to non-governmental companies or organizations, their services, products, or resources are offered for informational purposes and should not be construed as an endorsement by the Department of Labor. This product is copyrighted by the institution that created it and is intended for individual organizational, non-commercial use only.