ACES Professional Development School Improvement ACES Professional Development School Improvement, October 2006 Summarizing and Note Taking

ACES Professional Development School Improvement ACES Professional Development School Improvement, October 2006 Category – Summarizing and Note Taking  Key Premises –Two of the most useful academic skills students can have. –Note taking then summarizing. –Templates help students organize thinking.  Techniques –Note taking –Summarizing

ACES Professional Development School Improvement ACES Professional Development School Improvement, October 2006 Category – Summarizing and Note Taking  The research identifies three generalizations: –To effectively summarize, students must delete some information, substitute some information, and keep some information. –To effectively delete, substitute, and keep information, students must analyze the information at a fairly deep level. –Being aware of the explicit structure of the information is an aid to summarizing information.

ACES Professional Development School Improvement ACES Professional Development School Improvement, October 2006 Strategy – Note Taking  Note Taking –Notes must be considered a work in progress. –Notes should be used as study guides. –Least effective: verbatim notes. –The more notes – the better. –Many approaches to taking notes. Two-column, Cornell, Mixed, Outline

ACES Professional Development School Improvement ACES Professional Development School Improvement, October 2006 Strategy - Note Taking  Classroom Practice: –Teacher-Prepared Notes –Student Notes: Informal Outline –Student Notes: Webbing –Student Notes: Combination Technique

ACES Professional Development School Improvement ACES Professional Development School Improvement, October 2006 Student Notes: Combination Technique Written OutlineWebbing Summary Statement

ACES Professional Development School Improvement ACES Professional Development School Improvement, October 2006 Strategy – Summarizing  Take out the material that is not important for your understanding.  Take out the words that repeat information.  Replace a list of things with a word that describes the things in a list. (e.g., use trees for elm, oak, and maple.)  Find a topic sentence. If you cannot find a topic sentence, make one up.

ACES Professional Development School Improvement ACES Professional Development School Improvement, October 2006 Strategy - Summarizing  Tips for success –Teach students the rule-based summarizing strategy. –Use summary frames. –Teach students reciprocal teaching and the group-enhanced summary.

ACES Professional Development School Improvement ACES Professional Development School Improvement, October 2006 Summary Frames  The Narrative Frame  The Topic-Restriction-Illustration Frame  The Definition Frame  The Argumentation Frame  The Problem/Solution Frame  The Conversation Frame

ACES Professional Development School Improvement ACES Professional Development School Improvement, October 2006 Narrative Frame Questions  Who are the main characters and what distinguishes from them others?  When and where did the story take place? What were the circumstances?  What prompted the action in the story?  How did the characters express their feelings?  What did the main characters decide to do? Did they set a goal, and, if so, what was it?  How did the main characters try to accomplish their goal(s)?  What were the consequences?

ACES Professional Development School Improvement ACES Professional Development School Improvement, October 2006 The Topic-Restriction- Illustration Frame Questions  Frame Questions –T – What is the general statement or topic? –R – What information narrows or restricts the general statement or topic? –I – What examples illustrate the topic or restriction?

ACES Professional Development School Improvement ACES Professional Development School Improvement, October 2006 The Definition Frame Questions  Frame Questions –What is being defined? –To what general category does the item belong? –What characteristics separate the item from other things in the general category? –What are some different types or classes of the item being defined?

ACES Professional Development School Improvement ACES Professional Development School Improvement, October 2006 The Argumentation Frame Questions  Frame Questions –What information is presented that leads to a claim? –What is the basic statement or claim that is the focus of the information? –What examples or explanations are presented to support this claim? –What concessions are made about the claim?

ACES Professional Development School Improvement ACES Professional Development School Improvement, October 2006 The Problem/Solution Frame Questions  Frame Questions –What is the problem? –What is a possible solution? –What is another possible solution? –What solution has the best chance if succeeding?

ACES Professional Development School Improvement ACES Professional Development School Improvement, October 2006 The Conversation Frame Questions  Frame Questions –How did the members of the conversation greet each other? –What question or topic was insinuated, revealed, or referred to? –How did their discussion progress? Did the person state facts? Did either person make a request of the other? Did either person demand a specific action of the other? Did either person threaten specific consequences if a demand was not met? Did either person indicate that he/she valued something that the other had not done? –How did the conversation conclude?

ACES Professional Development School Improvement ACES Professional Development School Improvement, October 2006 Strategy - Reciprocal Teaching  Incorporates the process of summarizing and engages students in other thinking processes. –Summarizing –Questioning –Clarifying –Predicting

ACES Professional Development School Improvement ACES Professional Development School Improvement, October 2006 Make it Your Own Brainstorm a lesson that you would be able to incorporate the use of Summarizing and Note Taking.

ACES Professional Development School Improvement ACES Professional Development School Improvement, October 2006 Keep this in mind! … no instructional strategy works equally well in all situations…Instructional strategies are tools only. -Robert Marzano