Greenhouse Gas Protocol ICT Sector Supplement Overview Telecommunications Network Services Chapter Update Gabrielle Ginér - BT Tom Okrasinski – Bell Labs CTO

ICT sector supplement to support the GHG Protocol Product Standard Initiative under auspices of GHG protocol (WRI / WBCSD): –Carbon Trust serving as 3 rd party facilitator –GeSI formally represents ICT sector on Steering Committee –Standards process conforms to GHG Protocol best practices Full stakeholder engagement process Interested parties to register on GHGP website: Slide 2

Overview of governance structure Convening Secretariat WRI, WBCSD, GeSI, Carbon Trust Steering Committee Founding companies, Carbon Trust, Advocacy Groups, Academia, NGOs Technical Working Group (Practitioners) Companies OEMs Service Providers Consultancies Academia Stakeholder Advisory Group (open to all) Environmental advocacies Industry analysts Governments ICT customers (corporates) Developing Countries subgroup Slide 3

Focus of the ICT sector supplement Focus on implementation of the GHG Protocol – hence adheres to principles of GHG Protocol and its interpretation of ISO Practitioners Guide –written by practitioners for practitioners –focus on how to assess GHG emissions of ICT products (goods & services) –examples / case studies –supporting data Reference and use of existing work and approaches for embodied carbon - PAIA, iNEMI Slide 4

Overview of ICT sector supplement structure Slide 5 ICT Sector Supplement tosupport the GHG Protocol Product Standard Introduction overview Introduction General Guidance Methodology & Principles Enablement chapters Appendices Hardware / ICT equipment Dematerial- isation (incl. remote collaboration) Energy management Transportation E-commerce Desktop managed service Telecoms network service Cloud computing service, data centres and software Data Items Data Tables Proxy Data Secondary Data References Glossary End user devices Servers & network equip Ancillary & components Infrastructure (building blocks) chapters Service chapters EXAMPLES:

Relationship with other standards ISO & GHG Protocol Product Standard ICT sector supplement GHGP ICT sector supplement: covers goods and services, focus on assessment of greenhouse gases (no other environmental factors) ITU-T methodology: more high level, focused on different activities such as utilization of software, storage of goods and work processes. Does not divide into use phase, embodied emissions and operational activities. ETSI methodology: wider LCA - covers for example emissions to water and ground, water and land use. Doesnt offer assessment/calculation approach EC pilot project will test compatibility Slide 6

Timetable Slide 7 22 August update to SAG 12 SeptemberDraft to Steering Committee 21 SeptemberSAG webinars 26 SeptemberSteering Committee comments on draft SeptemberSubgroup to incorporate SC comments 1-20 OctoberAnother iteration with TWG and Steering Committee 4 OctoberWRI and WBCSD issue Product Standard 20 OctoberIssue to SAG 20 October to 12 DecemberSAG to comment October – January 2012European Commission pilots 1/2 NovemberStakeholder F2F workshop in Jakarta NovemberSAG webinars for Europe, North America and Asia audiences 12 – 31 DecemberSub-group consideration and incorporation of SAG comments January 2012Sub-group discussions with TWG and Steering Group Mid January 2012SAG webinars End of February 2012Publication of document on GHG Protocol website

Provides guidance for ICT stakeholders in calculating GHG emissions associated with telecom network services (TNS) –Offers methodology approach and options to identify GHG reduction opportunities over the life cycle of a service –Provides a means of understanding emissions sources and prioritizing them to then help in reducing them –It is NOT a guide for product labeling or comparative assertion TNS comprises 3 core elements: –Customer domain –Service platform –Operational activities Guide covers: –Scope, boundary, functional unit –Methodologies, hierarchical approaches, references for details –Generic topics covered in Intro / Overview Telecom Network Services Guide Objectives Life Cycle Stages for a Telecommunications Network Service Slide 8

Telecommunications Network Services Guide GHG emissions elements Telecommunications Network Service (TNS) Elements in GHG Emissions Assessment Customer DomainService Platform Operational Activities In-use GHG emissions associated with ICT end- user / customer premises equipment e c a db f Embodied Use GHG Emissions LCA Phase In-use GHG emissions associated with ICT network and service platform supporting / connecting (but not in) customer domain In-use GHG emissions associated with labor and non-ICT infrastructure supporting Customer Domain and Service Platform equipment Embodied GHG emissions associated with Customer Domain equipment / infrastructure Embodied GHG emissions associated with Service Platform equipment / infrastructure Embodied GHG emissions associated with Operational / non-ICT capital infrastructure Slide 9 Equipment / network use Repairs / maintenance Equipment / network use Repairs / maintenance Use Includes: Raw materials acquisition & pre-processing Production Product distribution / retail Installation End-of-life treatment Raw materials acquisition & pre-processing Production Product distribution / retail Installation End-of-life treatment Embodied Includes:

Telecommunications Network Services Guide GHG Emissions Elements – Customer Domain Approaches for assessing GHG emissions of Customer Domain (Listed in decreasing order of accuracy) TNS ElementUse aEmbodied b Customer domain1.Detailed use phase measurement: directly measure power consumption of the ICT equipment through physical power monitoring under specific operating conditions and usage profile. 2.Use estimation: estimate typical energy consumption of ICT equipment based on categorical equipment type, anticipated usage profile, and relevant country/region location of usage. 3. LCA phase ratio modeling: use-phase GHG emissions can be modeled as a percentage of the total life cycle GHG emissions, accounting for the equipment type, usage profile and country/region of usage. ICT Equipment: * 1.Detailed LCA: use data from detailed LCA to determine the ICT equipments GHG emissions. 2.Embodied estimation: estimated GHG assessment from techniques such as: Components – estimation techniques based on categorical component similarities (e.g. iNEMI ICT LCA estimation) Equipment – estimation techniques based on ICT equipment type parametization (e.g. PAIA laptop parametization) 3. LCA phase ratio modeling: embodied GHG emissions can modeled as a percentage of the total life cycle GHG emissions. * ICT Supporting Infrastructure treated separately Slide 10

Telecommunications Network Services Guide GHG emissions elements – Service Platform Approaches for assessing GHG emissions of Service Platform (Listed in decreasing order of accuracy) TNS ElementUse cEmbodied d Service platform1.Bottom-up model: total service platform energy consumption can be calculated bottom-up from an inventory of equipment. 2.Coarse/fine-grain models: a combination of data requirements and energy modeling parameters to yield a certain level of information for the use phase. 3.Top-down model: apportionment of energy to individual telecom services calculated with ratio of capacity used by customer or service and mean traffic being carried by the network. 1.Follow approaches as per Customer Domain – Embodied phase 2. Screening estimation: where significance is low, use existing LCA studies as proxies. Slide 11

Telecommunications Network Services Guide GHG Emissions Elements – Operational Activities Approaches for assessing GHG emissions of Operational Activities (Listed in decreasing order of accuracy) TNS ElementUse eEmbodied f Operational activities and non- ICT infrastructure 1.Primary Data Assessment - assess GHG emissions from resources (people and equipment) involved in delivering the TNS service, their specific work assignments, and their time allocations. 2.Secondary Data Assessment - assess GHG emissions from resources involved in delivering the TNS service by using costs and conversion factors from economic input / output tables and apportionment factors based on the type and extent of operational activities. 1.Primary Data Assessment – use primary data from a detailed life cycle assessment (typically carried out by the owner / maintainer of the operational / non-ICT infrastructure). 2. Screening estimation – from a practical standpoint, these activities in the embodied phase may be represented as either a simplified percentage of the total LCA emissions, e.g. 1%, or it may be excluded due to the relatively small impact (less than 1%). Slide 12

Telecommunications Network Services Guide GHG emissions elements – Customer domain ratio approach Example: a small chassis router has typical active power consumption of 100 W at 24x7 utilization, and a life expectancy of 7 years Step 1: calculate the routers use-phase GHG emissions: E use = 100 W x 8760 hrs/yr x 7 yrs x 1 kwh/1000 Wh x kg CO2e/kwh* E use = 3293 kg CO 2 e *GHG conversion factor for appropriate region of use Step 2: estimate the routers embodied-phase GHG emissions using historical LCA data showing the LCA ratio for use / embodied emissions for different equipment types (see table) E emb : E use = 20% : 80% = 3293 kg CO 2 e x (20% / 80%) = 823 kg CO 2 e E emb = 823 kg CO 2 e Equipment CategoryUse / Embodied Phase LCA Ratio ( C u and C e ) Wireless Access Point75% / 25% Router, small chassis80% / 20% Telepresence system85% / 15% Example Data Slide 13 Customer Domain: Use / Embodied Ratio Modeling Approach - Example Note: full life cycle GHG emissions can also be estimated as: E use + E emb = 4116 kg CO 2 e

Telecom Network Services Guide GHG Emissions Elements – Service Platform Use Phase: Modeling approach Point-to-Point Tree / Star Mesh Top-down Coarse-grain Fine-grain Bottom-up Model Types Network Types Slide 14

Telecom Network Services Guide Modeling Needs ParametersTop- Down CoarseFineBottom- Up Overall network power Total mean network traffic Mean network traffic (n th service) Ingoing traffic (n th service) Outgoing traffic (n th service) Number of devices Subset of number of hop counts Weighting for traffic thru h hops Weighting for n th service thru h hops Network architecture Class of equipment /equipment category Total number of equipment categories Mean traffic for n th service thru each equipment category Total mean traffic for each equipment category Mean power/footprint for k th equipment category Power/footprint for i th device Total mean traffic for i th service thru i th device Total mean traffic for i th device Increasing Precision / Data Needs Slide 15 Network / Service based Hops based Equipment based Device based Increasing Complexity

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