Pune, India, 13 – 15 December 2010 ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 Beyond the Internet? - Innovations for future networks and services Dr. Bamba Gueye Joint work with Ibrahima Niang and Bassirou Kasse University Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar GEOHYBRID: A HIERARCHICAL APPROACH FOR ACCURATE AND SCALABLE GEOGRAPHIC LOCALIZATION

Motivations New class of location-aware applications Web services: targeted advertising, locating cyber-criminality, restricted content delivery Location-based security check Geographic information of the Internet routes Analyze the geographic behavior of network routing, internet topology mapping Optimization of the decision taking process of a Grid Resource Broker Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 2

Problem statement Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 3 AS 1 AS 2 AS 3 IP-location mapping: Given the IP address of an Internet host, can we estimate its geographic location?

How to locate Internet host ? Passive measurements approach Use databases and exhaustive tabulation Ex: GeoBytes, GeoURL, GeoIP Active measurements approach Round-trip time-based or/and Traceroute- based Ex: GeoPing, CBG, GeoBuD, GeoTrack, SarangWorld project Hybrid approach Ex: GeoHybrid Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 4

Passive measurements approach DNS-based Incorporating location information in DNS records RFC 1876 Whois-based approach Use location information recorded in the Whois database : where am I? Response = the location of the ISP Verizon ( /13), Reston, VA Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 5

Drawbacks Information recorded in Whois database may be inaccurate or stale Large ISPs advertise only aggregate prefix for reasons of scalability Single prefix with multiple locations [Feamster et al. IMC05, Gueye et al. PAM08] Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 6

Active measurement approach DNS-based approach Observation: Recognizable host: geographically meaningful names Ex: bcr1-so Paris.cw.net Use the reports of traceroute Location of a target host = location of the last recognizable router on the path Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 7

DNS-based approach drawbacks No rules for naming the routers [Rexford et al. USENIX06] charlotte.ucsd.edu – San Diego, CA (not Charlotte, NC) dnverng-kscyng.abilene.ucaid.edu – Denver, CO (not Kansas, KS) The last recognizable router can be located far Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 8

Active measurements approach GeoPing-like [Padmanabhan et al. SIGCOMM01] The number of possible locations of a given host is equal to the number of landmarks (discrete space of answers) Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 9

CBG: A continuous response space via multilateration Multilateration [Gueye et al. ToN06] Estimates position using distance estimates from some fixed points Similar to GPS Active measurements From a set of landmarks to a target host Select minimum RTT Transformation of RTT measurements into distance Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 10

Constraint-Based Geolocation (CBG) : locating Internet host Multilateration using distance constraints Distance constraints are overestimated Assigns confidence region to each location estimate Intersection Estimated location of target host Confidence region Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 11 P1P1 P2P2 P3P3 d2d2 d3d3 d1d1 d 2 + d 2 d 3 + d 3 d 1 + d 1

Contributions GeoHybrid Combination of active and passive measurements Reduce the number of measurements injected in the network Geolocation service for grid computing middleware Useful for the optimization of the decision taking process of a Grid Resource Broker Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 12

GeoHybrid: A comprehensive technique for geolocalization GeoHybrid is based on: active measurements CBG approach passive measurements Database with exhaustive tabulation Heuristic implemented Find the nearest set of landmarks for a given target host Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 13 Geolocation queries Database (IP to location mappings) Server Scripts for handlings active measurements Geolocation answers

Experimental setup 74 PlanetLab nodes as landmarks 127 hosts (AMP and RIPE nodes) as targets GeoIPs database [MaxMind LLC] 1,876,596 blocks of IP addresses Each block has its own geographic location such as country, region, city or latitude/longitude Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 14

Results Random approach: 30 samples for each landmarks Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 15 Heuristic approach Median error: 175 km Random approach Median error: 400 km

Summary of GeoHybrid GeoHybrid reduces: Number of measurements Response time A set of 20 nearest landmarks are sufficient to locate Internet hosts Exhaustive tabulation is difficult to manage and keep updated Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 16

Geolocation-based Grid Optimizer Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 17

Conclusions GeoHybrid allows to reduce the number of measurements The proposed measurement middleware service brings benefits for the area of grid computing Mitigates the amount of traffic exchanged across the grid We plan to implement this middleware in the Research Education Network of Senegal Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 18