Availability of woody biomass for European forests Prof. Dr. Udo Mantau Zentrum Holzwirtschaft Universität Hamburg

Mantau: Availability of EU woody biomass CONTENT 1 Wood resource balance – woody biomass overview 2 Resources flows 3 Resources flow developments 4 Sustainability and carbon sequestration in resources

Mantau: Availability of EU woody biomass sources uses industrial roundwood (logs) material use 358 energy uses other forest wood and bark 110 chips, particles & residues 120 other woody biomass 158 balancing adjustment 23 total 827 total Wood resource balance - overview Wood resource balance Europe (EU/EFTA) (in M. m³(e)) actual use Source: Mantau / Steierer / Hetsch /Prins (2008) ; Steierer (2009) Round wood equivalent m³(e) (solid cubic meter equivalent): How much solid cubic meter of wood is transfered from one sector to another?

Mantau: Stoffliche und energetische Verwendung sources uses logs sawmill industry other coarse wood forest rest wood pulp industry 78 panel industry bark other material uses + ) woody biom. outside forest *) wood based fuel industry **) chips, particles & residues black liquor*) 75 biomass power plants post consumer wood 55 private households energy products **) 14 other energy uses ++ ) balancing adjustment 23 total 827 total 43% energetische Nutzung 1 65 % primary wood fibre *) e.g. landscape care wood and short rotation plantations; **) e.g. pellets, briquettes; +) e.g. veneer, insulating boards Source: Steierer (2009) Euwood-project State of the Art report Wood resource balance - overview Europe (EU/EFTA) (in M. m³) actual use

sources uses [ mio. m³] industrial Roundwood100 sawmill industrys industrial Roundwood - unrep. 20 panel industry fuelwood – JFSQ 10 pulp industry fuelwood – unrep.other physical utilization bark 10 wood fuel industry used logging residues 5 power and heat woody biomass outside forest 4 industrial internal chips, particles & residues 40 5 private households pulp production co-products 4 undifferentiated energy use recovered wood processed wood fuel 10 total sources in example: % 100% 154 total uses Wood resource balance - overview Cascade uses - example cascade factor of wood resource balance for Europe on primary biomass: 1,53 2

Mantau: Concept of the national wood resource balance Calculation of real cuttings based on utilized amounts Germany in M m³ (2005) Energy plants > 1MW % Energy plants < 1MW % households % Recorded availability (RA) % Total availability (TA) % Unrecorded availability (UA) % Change in Stock (CiS) % Import (Im) % Export (Ex) % Calc. domestic availability (CDA) % Pulp industry % Panel industry % Sawmill industry % Other material uses *) % Other energy uses % Resource flows TA = CDA + (Ex – Im) + ΔCiSUA = TA - RA Consumption (CDA) = (RA + UA) + (Im – Ex) + ΔCiS where (RA = production when UA = 0) 2

Mantau: Availability of EU woody biomass Source: Mantau, Szenarien Resource flow developments For time series of traditional resource flows official statistics are normally quite useful Example for Germany in M m³

Mantau: Concept of the national wood resource balance Creating time series in undocumented sectors (e.g. energy uses of woody biomass) Few empirical information – many assumtions solution: openess in assumptions S OURCE : M ANTAU, U.; S ÖRGEL, C.; W EIMAR, H.; (2007): Holzrohstoffbilanz Deutschland, Bestandaufnahme 1987 bis 2005, Hamburg, 2007, 66 S. assortment share in % Resource flow developments 3

Mantau: Availability of EU woody biomass Source: Mantau, Holzrohstoffbilanzen 2002, 2005, 2007 Resource flow developments 3 Energy uses in M m³ - example Germany

Mantau: Availability of EU woody biomass 4 Comparison of net anual increment forest growth with consumtion transfered in net annual increment. (Yearly calculations are a bit problematic because of data accuracy.) Source: Mantau, Holzrohstoffbilanzen 2002, 2005, 2007 Sustainability (natural production)

Mantau: Availability of EU woody biomass 4 Comparison of gross anual increment forest growth with other changes (mortality, land use) and consumtion (m³ NAI) Source: Mantau, Holzrohstoffbilanzen 2002, 2005, 2007 Sustainability (natural production)

Mantau: Availability of EU woody biomass 4 Wood resource stream analysis from forest to use and disposal Source: MANTAU, U., BILITEWSKI, B.: Stoffstrom-Modell- Holz, 2005, nach KIBAT, K. D. Carbon sequestration

Mantau: Availability of EU woody biomass Carbon sequestration effects of woody biomass uses in Germany ( ) Source: Mantau, U. (2009): Wachsende Bedeutung der CO2-Speicherung in der Holzverwendung, AFZ-Der Wald, 16/2009, S 885, 886 Carbon sequestration 4

Mantau: Availability of EU woody biomass Conclusions The Wood Resource Balance (WRB) is a tool to document an overview on all relevant sources and uses of a resource. Data availability of new sources and new uses is the biggest challenge in calculating a wood resource balance. Until better statistical documentation of theses markets time series can be derived on assumtions as long as they are openly documented

Mantau: Availability of EU woody biomass Conclusions The Wood Resource Balance (WRB) can be uses as a monitoring system for sustainability of the natural reserves of a resource. Depending on the existence of end use studies and disposal statistics it is furthermore a tool for calculation carbon sequestration in woody biomass uses on the basis of empirical, actual data

Availability of woody biomass for European forests Prof. Dr. Udo Mantau Zentrum Holzwirtschaft Universität Hamburg