Example of Implementation Kumpol Luengpetngam Telecommunication Division, RTH:Bangkok th

Implementation of TCP/IP at RTH Bangkok The Bangkok RTH has implemented TCP/IP protocols for Tokyo RTH, Vientiane NMC and Kuala Lumpur NMC for data collection and exchange.

Bangkok TCP/IP Network MSS Host at Bangkok TCP/IP Port Router Cisco 2600 DSU Modem Nokia BB 512 NTU Modem CAT Frame Relay or ISDN Provider TOT PCM Mux Provider ETL PCM 30 Mux Provider DSU Modem Nokia BB 512 Router Cisco 2600 CAT Frame Relay or ISDN Provider DSU Modem Router Cisco 2650 MSS at Tokyo TCP/IP Port NTU Modem NTU Modem NTU Modem Router Cisco 1720 TCP/IP Port MSS at Vientaine MSS VIENTIANE TOT NARMPNU EXCHANGE MSS Bangkok Line Interface G 703(4W) CAT G 703(4W) Line Interface VIENTIANE SIDE TOKYO SIDEBANGKOK SIDE

Bangkok (AS 64769) Tokyo (AS 64520) Vientiane (AS 64771) Kuala Lumpur (AS 65154) Frame Relay Network Frame Relay Network DDN Network Status TCP/IP at RTH Bangkok

A pair of official IP addresses for each pure IP link are assigned by WMO. The subnet mask is which provides 62 subnets each with 2 hosts (routers). BangkokTokyo Frame Relay Networ k an IP address for an eligible host a pair of IP addresses for a Frame Relay links. for eligible hosts. Each center declares a few official IP addresses General concepts of Addressing

Frame Relay Networks Router for GTS connections Cisco 2600 IOS Ver (3)T NAT (Network Address Translation) MSS private address for THAI private address for THAI2 Tokyo AS Bangkok AS Kuala Lumpur AS Vientiane AS DDN Network Firewall Sentinet Ver / /30 THAI4 (MSS) THAI2 (MSS) Private IP address / /

System configuration at Bangkok

GTS Circuit Internet LAN HUB Firewall Cisco Router Digital Alpha 4000 Server x Digital Alpha 2100 Server x TCP/IP Supported Connection Diagram Existing Workstation and Plotter

Circuit configuration and Protocols in transport ** Bangkok - Tokyo circuit configuration in physical level Circuit type : Frame relay Networks (NNI) Carriers : CAT (Thailand portion) Port speeds : 64 kbps (TMD-CAT) : 128 kbps (JMA-KDDI) Delay in network : Expecting less than a few of ten milliseconds

Circuit configuration and Protocols in transport ** Bangkok - Tokyo circuit configuration in logical level Connectivity: One Permanent Virtual Circuit (PVC) Identification of Multiplexing : Data Link Connection Identifier (DLCI) DLCI Values : 20 (Thailand portion) : 20 (Japan portion)

Circuit configuration and Protocols in transport Bangkok - Tokyo circuit configuration in logical level (next) Logical speed guarantee : Committed Information Rate (CIR) : 16Kbps (Flow from Bangkok to Tokyo) : 16Kbps (Flow from Tokyo to Bangkok) Interface : ITU-T Q.933 Annex A (Thailand portion) : ITU-T Q.933 Annex A (Japan portion)

Circuit configuration and Protocols in transport ** Protocols Link protocol : Frame Relay Network protocol: IP v4 (Internet Protocol version 4) : ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) for PING Transport protocol : TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) Routing protocol: Border Gateway Protocol version 4 (BGP-4) Compression : None Traffic type: Meteorological message in TCP socket stream. File Transfer in future

TCP/IP Frame Relay sockets The mechanism for store-and- forward, queing and others message processing should be kept. The message structure in TCP socket stream complies with the Recommended practices and procedure for the Implementation use and Application of TCP/IP on the GTS (Attachment II-15 of manual on the GTS)

Routing Routing protocol –BGP-4 (Border Gateway protocol version 4) is used as dynamics routing protocol on the IP link.

Autonomouse System (AS) Autonomous System (AS) Private AS number assigned by WMO secretariat. The AS numbers for neighbour centres are: Bangkok RTH : AS Tokyo RTH : AS Kuala Lumpur NMC : AS Vientiane NMC : AS 64771

Filtering Filtering –To allow only agreed protocols (port Number). –To allow only agreed destination IP address. –To allow only agreed source address.

Procedure for recover of missing data Request/Repeat of missing text message - Requests for missing text messages should be sent on the text connection. T 1 T 2 (in message header) of BM should be used. - A requested message should be retransmitted with its original heading and with the lastest channel sequence number.

The request formats Requesting a message (SOH) (CR)(CR)(LF) nnnn (CR)(CR)(LF) BMRR01 CaCaCaCa YYGGgg (CR)(CR)(LF) CCCC (CR)(CR)(LF) SQN nnnn= (CR)(CR)(LF)(ETX)

The request formats Requesting a selected number of messages (SOH) (CR)(CR)(LF) nnnn (CR)(CR)(LF) BMRR01 CaCaCaCa YYGGgg (CR)(CR)(LF) CCCC (CR)(CR)(LF) SQN nnnn/nnnn/nnnn= (CR)(CR)(LF)(ETX)

The request formats Requesting a continuous series of messages (SOH) (CR)(CR)(LF) nnnn (CR)(CR)(LF) BMRR01 CaCaCaCa YYGGgg (CR)(CR)(LF) CCCC (CR)(CR)(LF) SQN nnnn-nnnn= (CR)(CR)(LF)(ETX)

Request/Repeat of missing binary messages Requesting a message (SOH) (CR)(CR)(LF) nnnn (CR)(CR)(LF) BIRR01 CaCaCaCa YYGGgg (CR)(CR)(LF) CCCC (CR)(CR)(LF) SQN nnnn= (CR)(CR)(LF)(ETX)

The request formats Requesting a selected number of messages (SOH) (CR)(CR)(LF) nnnn (CR)(CR)(LF) BIRR01 CaCaCaCa YYGGgg (CR)(CR)(LF) CCCC (CR)(CR)(LF) SQN nnnn/nnnn/nnnn= (CR)(CR)(LF)(ETX)

The request formats Requesting a continuous series of messages (SOH) (CR)(CR)(LF) nnnn (CR)(CR)(LF) BIRR01 CaCaCaCa YYGGgg (CR)(CR)(LF) CCCC (CR)(CR)(LF) SQN nnnn-nnnn= (CR)(CR)(LF)(ETX)

To: Tokyo (text) To: Bangkok (binary) Port : Port : 8026 BANGKOKTOKYO To: Bangkok (text) Port : 8025 To: Tokyo (binary) MSS : (cadess1) (cadess2) Port : MSS : Active Open Passive Open Passive Open Active Open TCP socket connections on operation basis

DDN FTP connection - The only FTP connection, DDN to NMC Vientiane. - Using two transmitting methods: PUT and GET. - Output for maximum 10 messages per file or Maximum 30 seconds time-relay consecutively. PUT to Vientiane Get from Vientiane Get from Bangkok PUT to Bangkok MSS: (AMSS) MSS: BANGKOKVIENTIANE

To: KL (text) To: Bangkok (binary) Port : Port : 9025 BANGKOKKuala Lumpur To: Bangkok (text) Port : 9024 To: KL (binary) MSS : Port : MSS : Active Open Passive Open Passive Open Active Open TCP socket connections on operation basis

Trouble shooting and problem resolution Steps in resolving problems: –Check the remote centre (If the security policy of the remote centre allows it.) –Check if the link to the outside network is reachable. –Check the local network by trying to reach next gateway. –Check the local IP stack and configuration.

Basic tools for investigation Ping –Ping will check if the destination IP address can be reached. # PING TK1 PING TK1 ( ): 56 DATA BYTES 64 BYTES FROM : ICMP_SEQ=0 TTL=59 TIME=177 MS 64 BYTES FROM : ICMP_SEQ=1 TTL=59 TIME=166 MS 64 BYTES FROM : ICMP_SEQ=2 TTL=59 TIME=167 MS 64 BYTES FROM : ICMP_SEQ=3 TTL=59 TIME=165 MS

----TK1 PING STATISTICS PACKETS TRANSMITTED, 4 PACKETS RECEIVED, 0% PACKET LOSS ROUND-TRIP (MS) MIN/AVG/MAX = 165/169/177 MS # PING TKR PING TKR ( ): 56 DATA BYTES 64 BYTES FROM : ICMP_SEQ=0 TTL=253 TIME=162 MS 64 BYTES FROM : ICMP_SEQ=1 TTL=253 TIME=165 MS 64 BYTES FROM : ICMP_SEQ=2 TTL=253 TIME=167 MS ----TKR PING STATISTICS PACKETS TRANSMITTED, 3 PACKETS RECEIVED, 0% PACKET LOSS ROUND-TRIP (MS) MIN/AVG/MAX = 162/165/167 MS # Basic tools for investigation (next)

Traceroute –Traceroute is used to show which routes are transited on the network between two centres. Firewall or packet filter on router may block the traffic as part of local security policy.

# TRACEROUTE TK1 TRACEROUTE TO TK1 ( ), 30 HOPS MAX, 40 BYTE PACKETS 1 SENT1 ( ) 1 MS 1 MS 1 MS 2 ROUTER1 ( ) 1 MS 1 MS 1 MS 3 TKR ( ) 173 MS 193 MS 172 MS 4 TKR ( ) 163 MS * 196 MS 5 * TKR ( ) 149 MS * 6 TKR ( ) 155 MS * 158 MS Basic tools for investigation (next)

# TRACEROUTE TKR TRACEROUTE TO TKR ( ), 30 HOPS MAX, 40 BYTE PACKETS 1 SENT1 ( ) 1 MS 1 MS 0 MS 2 ROUTER1 ( ) 2 MS 1 MS 1 MS 3 TKR ( ) 156 MS * 147 MS # Basic tools for investigation (next)

# NETSTAT -NR ROUTING TABLES DESTINATION GATEWAY FLAGS REFS USE INTERFACE NETMASKS: INET ROUTE TREE FOR PROTOCOL FAMILY 2: DEFAULT UGS TU UGHS 0 0 TU UH LO0 128/ U TU / U TU UGHS TU0 Basic tools for investigation (next)

UGHS TU UGHS 0 9 TU UGHS 0 0 TU UGHS 0 0 TU UGHS 0 0 TU UGHS TU UGHS 0 0 TU1 # Basic tools for investigation (next)