Muon Campus Beam Transport January 23, 2013 J. Morgan 1

What we have now – the Pbar source 2 1/23/2013 J. Morgan

3 R. Ray - Director's CD-1 ReviewR. Ray - Mu2e Collaboration Meeting Recycler Ring Delivery Ring Muon Campus AP-30 AP-10 AP-50 P1 - P2 - M1 M3 MI-8 Line 1/23/2013

Antiproton Source Beam lines A 120 GeV/c proton beam is transported to the Target Station via AP-1 every 2.2 seconds An 8.89 GeV/c negative secondary beam travels down AP-2 and is injected into the Debuncher 8.89 GeV/c antiprotons are bunch rotated and stochastically cooled in the Debuncher, then transferred to the Accumulator via the D/A line Antiprotons are accumulated over hours, then transferred to MI via the AP-3 and AP-1 lines 8.89 GeV/c protons can be “reverse injected” or sent in the reciprocal direction of the antiprotons for tune-up 41/23/2013J. Morgan

Muon Campus Configuration The Accumulator and D/A line are no longer needed and will be used for beamline components M1 is the new name for AP-1, apertures will be improved to accommodate the larger 8.89 GeV/c primary beam AP-2 will be renamed M2 and will be a dedicated beam line for g-2 The M3 line will connect to the Delivery Ring (Debuncher) in the D30 straight section Both the g-2 secondary beam and Mu2e proton beam will be transported to the Ring via M3 M2 and M3 will have a higher quadrupole density than AP-2 did (~4.4 m vs. ~13.0 m) for g-2 Extraction, both single turn for g-2 and resonant for Mu2e, are also in the D30 straight section The old injection region for AP-2 will become an abort for Mu2e and could be used for proton removal for g-2 The new extraction line will be called M4 The g-2 line connects M4 to the Storage Ring 5 1/23/2013 J. Morgan

Reconfiguring Pbar J. Morgan6 Antiproton production Muon Campus 1/23/2013

Challenges and Technical Risks J. Morgan7 High intensity 8 GeV proton beam in M1 (and M3 for Mu2e)  Much larger beam size in beamlines upstream of AP0  Beam loss must be kept extremely low  Much higher intensity for Mu2e in Rings enclosure Bunch formation takes place in Recycler  Incoming beam has increased momentum spread Average cycle time is much faster than for Pbar  Factor of 13 for Mu2e, 26 for g-2  New kicker power supplies needed  Pulsed septum based on Booster BSE AP-3 beam line will be reconfigured for compatibility with g-2  Secondary beam line for g-2 (M2) connects to M3  g-2 requires dense quadrupole spacing to minimize beta functions  Old upstream AP-3 lattice must be matched to downstream M3 lattice for Mu2e Beam is injected and extracted into the Delivery (Debuncher) Ring in D30  New M3 to Delivery Ring connection faces logistical challenges  g-2 fast extraction as well as Mu2e resonant extraction must be supported  Mu2e will require substantial radiation shielding for injection and extraction devices M4 line must transport both Mu2e and g-2 beams to their experimental halls Delivery Ring Future injection region 1/23/2013

Muon g-2 Beam lines The P1, P2 and M1 lines will transport an 8.89 GeV/c proton bunch, 120 ns long, to the Target Station at an average rate of 12 Hz, with 100 Hz bursts (16 bunches, 10 ms interval) Downstream of the Target Station, the M2 line will carry the 3.1 GeV/c secondary beam 150 m until it connects with M3 Some of the pions decay into 3.09 GeV/c muons as they travel down M2/M3 The M2 and M3 lines have an increased quadrupole density to improve muon yield The M3 line connects to the Delivery Ring after an additional 130 m and is injected in the 30 straight section Muons can circle the 550 meter Delivery Ring as many times as desired The abort located in the 50 straight section can be used to remove protons (requires multiple turns) 3.09 GeV/c muons are extracted into the M4 line, then bent into the g-2 line for transport to the Storage Ring in the MC-1 building 8J. Morgan1/23/2013 Target Station

An 8.89 GeV/c proton bunch, 120 ns long, is transported to the Debuncher via M1 and M3 (bypassing the Target Station) at an average rate of 6 Hz with 18 Hz bursts The 8.89 GeV/c bunch is injected into the Delivery Ring in the 30 straight section with a pulsed septum and kicker A 2.5 MHz RF system maintains the short bunch as it circulates in the Delivery Ring The proton bunch is resonantly extracted with electrostatic septa and a Lambertson into the M4 line The M4 line transports short proton “micro- bunches” to an external Target Station to produce an intense muon beam The remaining proton beam that is not resonantly extracted is aborted in the 50 straight section and transported to an absorber 91/23/2013J. Morgan Mu2e Beam lines

101/23/2013J. Morgan DescriptionProjectComment Recycler injection kicker NOvA Recycler RF upgradeRR AIP Recycler Extraction KickersRR AIP Recycler extraction/beamline stubRR AIP M1 Final Focusg-2 P1,P2 and M1 aperture upgradeBT AIP Reconfigure AP-2 and AP-3g-2New lines are called M2 and M3 Beam transport instrumentationBT AIP Beam transport controlsMu2e Beam transport infrastructureBT AIP Delivery Ring injectionBT AIP Delivery Ring modificationBT AIP D.R. abort/proton removalBT AIP Delivery Ring RF systemMu2e Delivery Ring controlsMu2e Delivery Ring instrumentationBT AIP Resonant extraction from D.R.Mu2e Fast extraction from D.R.g-2 Delivery Ring infrastructureBT AIP Extraction line to splitg-2Upstream M4 line Extraction line from split to Mu2eMu2eDownstream M4 Extraction line from split to g-2g-2Beamline to MC-1 building Possible Beamline Project Responsibility

8 GeV protons to the Target Station RR to P1 stub line optics has been being integrated into entire line Needed to reconcile different MAD and OPTIM files Optimization of optics underway to reduce beam size through lines Magnet choices for aperture improvements has been refined Surplus Tevatron B2 magnets will be used at V714 Lower beam momentum for g-2 allows the use of weaker and/or shorter magnets in M1, but will limit the peak beam energy to about 40 GeV A CDA Cooling Ring dipole will be used at F-17 in place of the C-magnets Pbar MDC magnets will be used in the HV100 and HV102 bend strings Smaller aperture trim will be replaced with Pbar NDA and NDB trims Beam spot size specification has been reduced Spot size requirements has been reduced from σ xy = 0.55 mm to 0.15 mm Final Focus region will incorporate a quadrupole triplet Final 3Q120 quadrupole will be replaced by three Pbar SQx quads Triplet configuration will greatly reduce the peak β functions in the M1 line SQx quadrupoles will have a large enough aperture for high efficiency transmission and small spot size at the Target Instrumentation Existing BPM, Toroid and SEM/SWIC systems can be used with minimal modification Tevatron BLM electronics will be repurposed to upgrade legacy equipment 111/23/2013J. Morgan

12 1/23/2013J. Morgan RR to Target MAD file Meiqin Xiao Jim Budlong

120 GeV Pbar production MI to Target Station 8 GeV Muon production RR to Target Station

Planned improvements MI-52 Lam. / V701 C-magnets V714 C-magnets Tev. F0 Lambertsons removed F-17 C-Magnets HV100 dipoles HV102 dipoles Larger trims Quad triplet 1/23/2013J. Morgan 14

Final focus region in M1 Valeri Levedev 151/23/2013J. Morgan SQx triplet Vault Wall

Target Station to M3 line (M2) Four magnet quadrupole “triplet” remains at beginning of line β functions peak around m in IQ2 and IQ3 (limiting aperture) Junction between lines is located 100 – 125 m from Target Vault wall 4.4 m Quadrupole spacing with 90  phase advance M2 to M3 connection Original optics plan required the removal of a 20 ton dipole magnet in Right Bends to switch between g-2 and Mu2e Present design does not require magnet removal, but has six dipole magnets which adds considerable cost M3 line to Delivery Ring Challenging design constraints to match optics and trajectory into Ring Optics design has two elevation changes and a 5  horizontal bend Confined area for magnet supports in area over Delivery Ring Need >30 inches between Delivery Ring and M3 to allow use of existing pbar magnets Must be compatible with injection scheme into Delivery Ring Optics must match and acceptance must be at least 40 pi-mm-mr for g-2 Instrumentation g-2 will use upgraded SEM’s and new ion chambers, possibly wall current monitors Mu2e will use existing BPM and SEM systems, plus upgraded toroid electronics Injection lines to Debuncher – M2 & M3 161/23/2013J. Morgan

IQ07 → IQ13 Remain In Situ ~13.33m separation M2 M3 M2→M3 18.5o Bend Target Station to Delivery Ring (g-2) AP-2 removed and replaced by M2 line, which connects to M3 line 1/23/201317J. Morgan John Johnstone

M2 to M3 Line Cross-over 181/23/2013J. Morgan M3 M2 Mod B1 “Switch” g-2 beam offset ~3.75” C-mag SDE 5’ somethings John Johnstone

M2 to M3 Line Cross-over alternative scheme 191/23/2013J. Morgan John Johnstone

Target Station bypass Mu2e beam path to Delivery Ring 201/23/2013J. Morgan M3 line will branch from M1 (AP-1) line and bypass Target Station as AP-3 line does now M3 line between the Target Station bypass and the M2/M3 line merge needs to be reconfigured to match new downstream lattice (140 m), has not been done yet M3 line downstream of M2/M3 line merge must be designed to accommodate both g-2 and Mu2e beams High intensity 8.89 GeV/c protons instead of 3.1 GeV/c secondary beam

M3 line into Delivery Ring 211/23/2013J. Morgan John Johnstone End of last slide

Injection line layout – horizontal bend in D30 D30, AP-3 line Crossover area D30, AP-3 line above Debuncher, D3Q6 on left 221/23/2013J. Morgan

Injection from M3 line All injection bends are vertical – mature design completed Modified Main Injector C-Magnet for initial bend Injected beam passes through Pbar LQ magnet ~130 mm above centerline Modified Booster septum magnet provides the greatest bend Two module injection kicker system puts beam on D.R. closed orbit Injection scheme preserves 40 pi-mm-mr acceptance or greater Is also compatible with Mu2e 8.89 GeV/c protons 30 straight section reconfiguration Present optics plan requires removal of dipole magnet in Right Bends Need to design connection that allows accommodates Mu2e proton beam down M3 while preserving small β functions for g-2 Proton Removal Incorporates abort system required for Mu2e Multiple D.R. revolutions required to adequately separate protons from muons Extraction to M4 line Lambertson magnet required to accommodate Mu2e resonant extraction Either modified NOvA design or new design 8Q32 quadrupole (from BNL?) at D5Q5 C-Magnet follows quadrupole, identical to what will be used for injection Dual kicker schemes for both dedicated g-2 running and Mu2e/g-2 running Delivery Ring 231/23/2013J. Morgan

Delivery Ring Kickers 1/23/2013J. Morgan24 Reuse existing Debuncher kickers Reduced cost and labor effort Pool of available equipment limited to Pbar and Tevatron Power supplies can’t be reused in most cases Kickers rise and fall times will be specified as 95%/5% Losses from injection and extraction must be kept to a minimum Must eliminate “tail” on Accumulator injection kicker Maintain or improve existing apertures Existing kicker locations retained whenever possible Try to avoid lattice modifications to accommodate kickers – Beam line layout can remain the same – Reduced kicker magnet options due to space constraints Use the fewest power supply components possible – Keep power supply costs as low as possible – Limited space available in service buildings

Kicker locations and rates Kicker rates Instantaneous Muon g-2/Mu2e Average Muon g-2/Mu2e Debuncher Injection100/17 Hz12/6 Hz Abort/proton removal100/17 Hz12/6 Hz Debuncher extraction100/ n/a Hz 12/ n/a Hz Abort/proton removal kicker Injection kicker Extraction kicker 251/23/2013J. Morgan

Kicker rise and fall times 1/23/2013J. Morgan26 Kicker System (modules) Integrated Field g-2/Mu2e (Kg-m) Kick Angle g-2/Mu2e (mrad) Rise Time 95%/5% (nsec) Fall Time 95%/5% (nsec) Flat Top (nsec) Debuncher Extraction (3) ,700 Debuncher Injection (3) ,700 Delivery Ring Injection (2)0.64/ /4.4n/a450 Delivery Ring Extraction (2)0.72/ n/a450 Delivery Ring Abort (3)0.63/ n/a1,700

Injection Region 27 Bend angles of Septum, LQ and C-Magnet Injection region John Johnstone – M3 line optics 1/23/2013J. Morgan

g-2 vertical injection trajectory (with and without vertical bump) 281/23/2013J. Morgan

Mu2e vertical injection trajectory 291/23/2013J. Morgan

Delivery Ring Mu2e Abort 1/23/2013J. Morgan30 Section of AP-2 used for abort line Abort absorber located in Transport tunnel (using existing E760 collimator) Relatively low beam power (1.92 kW) so cooling water system is not needed Requires one new Vertical bending magnet

Doing “laps” in the Delivery Ring -and using the Mu2e abort for proton removal- Target Station to Debuncher distance is about 285 meters Muon and proton centroids separate by about 40 ns Debuncher circumference is 505 meters 363 meters between injection at D3Q3 and abort at D4Q5 (51 ns) Muon and proton centroids separate by about 70 ns per turn Bunch length is about 120 ns Centroid separation to abort on first turn is 91 ns, second turn 161 ns, etc. Removing protons cleanly versus less cleanly Roughly 1e13 protons per hour, based on Cary’s simulations and momentum aperture “Clean” removal would require kicker to fully rise in gap between protons and muons “Less clean” removal requires kicker gap to be about half as wide Mu2e abort has a 450 ns rise time “as is” Around 7 turns in the Debuncher to remove protons cleanly 5 turns to eliminate them, but remove them less cleanly Existing kickers could rise in 200 ns with a power supply upgrade Around 4 turns for clean removal, 3 turns for less clean Would require 2 power supplies operating in parallel instead of 1, at a cost of about 400 k$ “Straight through” distance to g-2 is about 425 meters Would need Wein filter or other means to remove protons 311/23/2013J. Morgan

Proton Removal Issues, progress and work to be done Target Station to Delivery Ring distance will be about 290 meters Muon and proton centroids separate by about 40 ns Injection kickers and abort at D4Q5 is 352 meters (50 ns) Debuncher circumference is 505 meters Muon and proton centroids separate by about 70 ns per turn Bunch length is about 120 ns (possibly with satellites) Centroid separation to abort on first turn is 91 ns, second turn 161 ns, etc. Removing protons cleanly versus less cleanly Roughly 1e13 protons per hour, based on Cary’s simulations and momentum aperture “Clean” removal would require kicker to fully rise in gap between protons and muons “Less clean” removal requires less gap between beams or affects part of muons Mu2e abort has a 440 ns rise time “as is” Mu2e has a 120 ns bunch length, Delivery Ring revolution period is ~ 1,700 ns Around 7 turns in the Debuncher to remove protons completely 6 turns to eliminate 90% of protons without disturbing muons Existing kickers could rise in 200 ns with a power supply upgrade Around 5 turns for clean removal, 4 turns for less clean Would require 2 power supplies operating in parallel instead of 1, at a cost of about 700 k$ “Straight through” distance to g-2 is about 425 meters 321/23/2013J. Morgan

Protons slipping in time 331/23/2013J. Morgan Muon vs. Proton Centroid time difference (ns)Gap size (ns) Injection40None 1 st turn at Abort91None 2 nd turn at Abort rd turn at Abort th turn at Abort th turn at Abort th turn at Abort th turn at Abort th turn at Abort Drawing by T. Leveling

Delivery Ring Extraction Issues, progress and work to be done Extraction layout is driven by resonantly extracted beam for Mu2e Electrostatic septa surrounding D2Q3 bend beam horizontally ~1 mr each Mu2e resonantly extracted protons have much smaller emittance than g-2 muons Lambertson is required for Mu2e to work with electrostatic septa A large aperture quadrupole is required at D2Q5, larger than Pbar LQx An 8Q32 quadrupole and C-Magnet both provide additional vertical bends Mu2e has Delivery Ring optics that are unfavorable for maximizing Ring acceptance Different optics and different horizontal trajectories are needed for g-2 and Mu2e A large horizontal bump across the extraction region is used for g-2 g-2 needs an extraction kicker for beam to enter the M4 line Best location for kickers is where Mu2e septa will eventually reside Two kicker layouts are planned for g-2 dedicated running vs. “dual mode” A two kicker system will be used for g-2 dedicated running Existing Pbar kickers can be used as originally designed For dual mode, a single module can be used(a benefit of the 3.09 GeV/c momentum) with a altered impedance to increase strength Extraction scheme provides 40 pi-mm-mr acceptance for g-2 and a common extraction channel for both experiments 341/23/2013J. Morgan

g-2 extraction trajectories Horizontal bump across extraction region (note different scales) Bump created by motorized quadrupoles at 203, 204, 206 and /23/2013J. Morgan

36 Mu2e extraction trajectory (horizontal bump removed) 1/23/2013J. Morgan

Extraction kicker layouts 37 g-2 operation and Mu2e beamline commissioning (uses Pbar EKIK modules with 12.5Ω impedance) Dual mode – either g-2 or Mu2e can run (uses Pbar IKIK modules with 8.33Ω impedance) 1/23/2013J. Morgan

Extraction Region 38 Bend angles of Lambertson, LQ and C-Magnet Extraction region Carol Johnstone – M4 line optics 1/23/2013J. Morgan 8Q32 40 pi-mm-mr beam envelopes

g-2 operation and Mu2e commissioning Horizontal bend (5  ) Injection kickers Injection Septum and C-magnet Extraction Lambertson and C-magnet Extraction kickers Vertical bends Vertical bend 39 1/23/2013 J. Morgan

Horizontal bend (5  ) Injection kickers Injection Septum and C-magnet Extraction Lambertson and C-magnet Vertical bends Vertical bend 40 1/23/2013 Extraction septa (Mu2e) Extraction kicker (g-2) Dual running mode configuration J. Morgan

Extraction beamlines (M4 and g-2) M4 Line Extraction trajectory from D.R. has been reconciled with entry into M4 line First 20 m of line must fit above Delivery Ring, line is 30” above Delivery Ring Elevation change to 48” above Delivery Ring is completed before Left Bend Location of Left Bend is critical to location of MC-1 (g-2) and Mu2e buildings MC-1 building is highly constrained by road and utility corridors Mu2e building also constrained to east and north Process of eliminating mechanical conflicts and using available pbar magnets or known designs has shifted bend downstream This shiftedM4 line tunnel too close to the MC-1 building Left Bend dipole configuration has been changed to increase total bend to ~40° M4 line from Left Bend to Mu2e must incorporate several features Extinction Diagnostic dump Final Focus g-2 Line Optics design is conceptual, less mature than other lines Geometry of M4 and g-2 lines at “split” needs to be carefully designed Momentum collimation needs to be incorporated into end of bend region An additional elevation change of 6 feet is required to get to Storage Ring level Line will be mostly populated with BNL magnets from old g-2 beamline Match into Storage Ring will drive design of downstream part of line 411/23/2013J. Morgan

External beam lines 421/23/2013J. Morgan

Carol Johnstone Split between the M4 and g-2 lines g-2 line splits from M4 line in the middle of the left bends Momentum collimation will be integrated into Left Bend g-2 line is roughly 50 m long Vertical dogleg will make elevation change to experiment Final focus and matching to Storage Ring will be designed in collaboration with Ring Team 1/23/2013J. Morgan43 SDEW dipoles in diagram are now ’s

g-2 Storage Ring cm beam access port 1/23/2013J. Morgan

Storage Ring lattice functions and dispersion 451/23/2013J. Morgan

g-2 Line 461/23/2013J. Morgan

Accelerator Controls Delivery Ring and Transport Risks The communications duct that carries all Ethernet and Controls signals between the Muon service buildings and the control system will be dug up during extraction beamline construction. – New fiber optic cable will be pulled to AP-30 to reestablish Ethernet connectivity. – Heliax cables will be spliced and rerouted to AP30 to restore the remaining Controls connectivity. – Cost for this ($70K M&S plus labor) should be absorbed by g-2 or FESS GPP. Fiber optic and heliax cable provide controls connectivity between the three Delivery Ring service buildings via cable pulls that go through the accelerator tunnel. – Careful assessment of radiation levels where fiber optic controls cables exist must be taken into account. – Single mode fiber optic cable pulled on the Accumulator side of the enclosure should provide the necessary functionality at a minimal cost. – More robust radiation hardened upgrade options are available ($45K - 90K M&S plus labor) and are covered by the risk registry. Controls Ethernet that runs to the AP-0, F23 and F27 buildings use legacy systems that will be asked to perform at the peak of their abilities. – It is assumed the existing networks will function at an adequate level. – Upgrade options ($50K - $100K M&S plus labor) are available and covered by the risk registry. Fiber optic cable will be pulled to the Mu2e service building to provide controls connectivity. – Cost ($35K M&S plus labor) for this will be covered in the External Beamlines Controls BoE. J. Morgan47 X Communications Duct bank to be replaced No fiber to AP0 (Legacy Thickwire) No fiber to F23 & F27 (wireless) 1/23/2013

Small Quadrupoles (SQ) SQASQBSQCSQDSQE Total Magnets (129) Accumulator and beam line magnets by family SQLQSDLDMDC/CDC6-x-120/SDE Accumulator D/A line AP-2 (except 3 for abort) AP-3 (after Vault) Magnet Storage Total Large Quadrupoles (LQ) LQALQBLQCLQDLQELQF Total Magnets (34) Magnets made available by reconfiguration of Rings and beam lines 481/23/2013J. Morgan

Small aperture Quadrupoles SQASQBSQCSQDSQE4Q164Q245Q36 Available Magnets (152) Estimated needs (~128) Injection line needs (~65)In Development – approximately 65 Extraction line needs (48) Muon g-2 line (~15)In Development – approximately 15 Large aperture Quadrupoles LQALQBLQCLQDLQELQF8Q248Q32 Available Magnets (40) Extraction line needs (11) Other beam linesIn Development – Unknown, but likely <5 FNAL and BNL Quadrupole availability and needs for beam lines SQLQ4Q24 491/23/2013J. Morgan

Dipoles B2CDAMDCEDWASDE SDEW/ SDFx SDBSDCCMAG Available Magnets (152) Estimated needs (46) P1/P2/AP-1118 M252 M34211 M48161 g-2 line5 Trim dipoles NDANDB4D16LEP Available Magnets (92) Extraction line needs (80) FNAL dipole availability and needs for beam lines 501/23/2013J. Morgan

Coordinating AIP tasks with Mu2e (and g-2) Project management of the AIP shares the same personnel with L3 slots in the Mu2e and g-2 projects – Improvements to transport lines and Ring can be made with the interests of both experiments in mind – Weekly L3 meetings provide an opportunity to communicate directly with stakeholders in the Mu2e and g-2 projects Milestones for AIP tasks are built into Mu2e WBS Many AIP tasks are needed for g-2, so they will be in place and working prior to Mu2e operation J. Morgan51 g-2 configuration 1/23/2013

Conclusion Recycler to Target Station line (P1 stub, P1, P2 and M1) RR to Target MAD file has been built, optics optimization in progress Aperture improvement design has matured Final focus will incorporate quadrupole triplet to achieve desired target spot size Injection line (M2/3 and new Delivery Ring connection) Current design has small β functions after initial quadrupole triplet in M2 M2/M3 line connection design needs to be refined Design of downstream end of M3 line has eliminated most mechanical conflicts Delivery Ring Injection design scheme can accommodate both g-2 and Mu2e Proton removal can use Mu2e abort 30 straight section reconfiguration has project leader (Dean) and is being planned Extraction design driven by Mu2e, but preserves 40 pi-mm-mr acceptance for g-2 Extraction beamlines (M4 and g-2) Left Bend location and strength has being finalized – was highest priority Upstream section of line has mature design with no known mechanical conflicts g-2 line optics design is at the concept level BNL magnets and other components will populate most of the g-2 line Completing the initial optics design for the g-2 line will follow the M4 line work 521/23/2013J. Morgan Get Well Brian!

Summary J. Morgan53 Antiproton Source will be substantially modified to support Mu2e operation  The Accumulator Ring and D/A line will no longer be needed  The Debuncher will become the Delivery Ring, operating at a much faster cycle time with greatly increased intensity Mu2e L3 Beam Transport and Storage Rings manager must track AIP and g-2 project progress  Accelerator Improvement Project is responsible for most of the improvements to the incoming beamlines and ring  g-2 project requires reconfigured beamlines that must also work for Mu2e Communication between AIP and Mu2e project (as well as g-2) is a high priority  Management structure set up to facilitate communication and creating an integrated plan for the Muon transport lines and ring Remaining tasks on the Mu2e project have a sound plan in place, including mature cost estimates 1/23/2013