CORBA Distributed Technology CASE STUDY Juan C. Navarro

Most popular distributed object technologies  OMG’s CORBA (Common Object Request Broker Architecture).  Microsoft’s DCOM (Distributed Component Object Model).  Sun’s Java/MRI (Java/Remote Method Invocation).

CORBA  CORBA is a Standard Architecture for Distributed Object System.  The CORBA (Common Object Request Broker Architecture) specification was developed by the Object Management Group (OMG).

OMG  The Object Management Group (OMG), is an open membership, not-for-profit consortium that produces and maintains computer industry specifications for interoperable enterprise applications.  The OMG was created in 1989 and has about 700 hundred members in the Organization:

OMG (cont.)  Some of OMG Actual Members: Sun Microsystems GE Transportation Motorola (Platform) NASA (Government) Massachusetts Institute of Technology (University) Adobe Systems

CORBA SPECIFICATION  The CORBA specification describes how to develop an implementation of CORBA.  It also describes programming language bindings that developers use to develop applications.  The specification provides a broad and consistent model for building distributed applications by defining: An object model for building distributed applications A common set of application programming objects to be used by the client and server applications

CORBA SPECIFICATION (cont.)  A syntax for describing the interfaces of objects used in the development of distributed applications. IDL (Interface Definition Language).

CORBA APPLICATIONS  Telephone Networks worldwide  Banking Application on every continent  Manufacturing  Government  Industrial  Car dashboards to mainframes  Controlling Telephone switches

GOALS OF CORBA  Object Reuse: CORBA allows wide- spread use of existing components  Flexibility: CORBA allows developers to choose:  Operating System  Execution Environment  Programming Language  Heterogeneous Hardware, networks

CORBA FEATURES  CORBA supports many existing languages. Including C, C++, Java, Smalltalk, and Ada.  CORBA also supports mixing these languages within a single distributed application.  CORBA supports both distribution and Object Orientation.  CORBA is an industry standard. This creates competition among vendors and ensures that quality implementations exist. The use of the CORBA standard also provides the developer with a certain degree of portability between implementations.  CORBA provides a high degree of interoperability. This insures that distributed objects built on top of different CORBA products can communicate. Large companies do not need to mandate a single CORBA product for all development.

CORBA SERVICES  Naming Services  Event Service  Notification Service  Security Service Authentication Access control can be applied to CORBA objects.

CORBA SERVICES (cont.)  Trading Service.  Transaction Service and Concurrency Control Service.  Persistent Object Service.

CORBA ARCHITECTURE Basic Concept

CORBA ARCHITECTURE (Cont.)

ARCHITECTURE (cont.)  Object Request Broker (ORB): The ORB provides a mechanism for transparently communicating client requests to target object implementations. Intercept a call from the client Find the correct object Pass it the parameter Invoke its method Return the results to the client

ARCHITECTURE (cont.)  CORBA IDL stubs and skeletons: Serve as the “glue” between the client and server applications, respectively, and the ORB.

ARCHITECTURE (Cont.)  Dynamic Invocation Interface (DII): This interface allows a client to directly access the underlying request mechanisms provided by an ORB. Applications use the DII to dynamically issue requests to objects without requiring IDL interface-specific stubs to be linked in.  Dynamic Skeleton Interface (DSI): This is the server side's analogue to the client side's DII. The DSI allows an ORB to deliver requests to an object implementation that does not have compile-time knowledge of the type of the object it is implementing.  Object Adapter: Allows the interaction between the ORB with the objects.

CORBA ARCHITECTURE (Cont.)

Steps for creating a CORBA 1.Define the remote interface (IDL) Primitive Data types: long, short, unsigned short, long, unsigned long, float (IEEE), double, char, boolean, octet, any. Extended built in data types: long long (64 bits), unsigned long long, long double, wstring, fixed. Complex Types: struct, union, enum, muti-dim. arrays  Example: : FileInterface.idl interface FileInterface { typedef sequence Data; Data downloadFile(in string fileName); };

Steps for creating a CORBA (cont.) 2.Compile the remote interface (IDL) The IDL Compiler implements language mapping in software. After checking the IDL code for errors, the compiler will produce the following files: prompt> idlj –fserver FileInterface.idl (-fclient or –fall) Server skeletons for each IDL interface Client stubs for each IDL interface The program (Java or C++) interfaces A Java / C++ class for IDL defined struct Helper classes for each IDL defined type

Implementing the method (FileServant.java) Copyright Sun Microsystems, Inc.

Steps for creating a CORBA (cont.) 3.Implement the server. Initializes the ORB Creates a FileServant object Registers the object in the CORBA Naming Service (COS Naming) Prints a status message Waits for incoming client requests

Copyright Sun Microsystems, Inc 4.Implement the Server

4.Implement the Client Copyright Sun Microsystems, Inc

5.Start the applications Running the the CORBA naming service prompt> tnameserv -ORBinitialPort 2500 Start the server prompt> java FileServer Generate Stubs for the client. Before we can run the client prompt> idlj -fclient FileInterface.idl Run the client. prompt> java FileClient hello.txt -ORBInitialPort 2500

CORBA PRODUCTS CORBA is a specification; it is a guide for implementing products. Several vendors provide CORBA products for various programming languages.  The Java 2 ORB : The Java 2 ORB comes with Sun's Java 2 SDK.  VisiBroker for Java: A popular Java ORB from Inprise Corporation. VisiBroker is also embedded in other products. For example, it is the ORB that is embedded in the Netscape Communicator browser.  OrbixWeb: A popular Java ORB from Iona Technologies.  WebSphere: A popular application server with an ORB from IBM.

CORBA PRODUCTS (cont.)  Netscape Communicator: Netscape browsers have a version of VisiBroker embedded in them. Applets can issue request on CORBA objects without downloading ORB classes into the browser. They are already there.  MICO: MICO implements the CORBA standard relying on C++. It is an open source implementation.  omniORB: A CORBA ORB for C++ and Python. It is freely available under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License (for the libraries), and GNU General Public License (for the tools).  Various free or shareware ORBs: CORBA implementations for various languages are available for download on the web from various sources.

SIGNIFICANT POINTS  The Object Management Group comprises 700 companies and Organizations dedicated to maintain compatibility and standardization of the CORBA system.  The architecture and specifications of CORBA are vendor neutral.  CORBA Specifications are available to everyone  CORBA’s interface definition language (IDL) is the crucial part because it permits communication on a heterogeneous distributed system.  Microsoft’s DCOM is a Windows-based solution only.

 CORBA is a specification for creating distributed object-based applications. The CORBA architecture and specification were developed by the Object Management Group (OMG).  The goal of CORBA is to promote an object- oriented approach to building and integrating distributed software applications. Summary

Summary (cont.)  The CORBA specification Describes how to develop an implementation of CORBA. Defines an object model for building distributed applications. Defines a common set of application programming objects to be used by the client and server applications Defines a syntax for describing the interfaces of objects used in the development of distributed applications

Summary (cont.)  Support for use by applications written in multiple programming languages, such as C, C++, java, Smalltalk, Ada, COBOL, Lisp.  A CORBA objects implements the operations in an IDL interface. All that the clients need to know to access CORBA objects is the operations available in its interface.  The OMG maintains its constant vision regarding CORBA since its creation in 1989, providing upgrades for the specifications in order to satisfy developers current service demands, the latest CORBA version is 3.03.

Summary (cont.)  Three of the most popular distributed object technologies are: OMG’s CORBA, Microsoft’s DCOM, and Sun’s Java/MRI.

References  OMG. Home page. OMG,  CORBA.  Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg. Distributed Systems Concepts and Design. Harlow, England: Addison- Wesley,  Introduction to CORBA  OMG. ”About The Object Management Group™ (OMG™)”. ex.htm. OMG,  CORBA Technology