AvSport of Lock Haven What’s the Spin on Stalls? Presentation Copyright © 2015 Mastering the most dreaded maneuver in flight training Prof. H. Paul Shuch, Ph.D., CFII LSRM-A/GL/WSC/PPC, iRMT Heavy Chief Flight Instructor, Director of Maintenance, AvSport of Lock Haven FAA Safety Team Lead Representative, Piper Memorial Airport, Lock Haven PA

AvSport of Lock Haven What’s the Spin on Stalls? Presentation Copyright © 2015 A FAASTeam Wings Award Safety Webinar

AvSport of Lock Haven What’s the Spin on Stalls? Presentation Copyright © 2015 A FAASTeam Wings Award Safety Seminar

AvSport of Lock Haven What’s the Spin on Stalls? Presentation Copyright © 2015 Experimental Aircraft Association AvSport of Lock Haven Aircraft Spruce and Specialty Company Your FAA Safety Team Brought to you by:

AvSport of Lock Haven What’s the Spin on Stalls? Presentation Copyright © 2015 Stalls are undoubtedly the most feared maneuver in the flight training curriculum. They are also an essential element of every single flight, in that an aircraft cannot land if its wing is still developing lift. In this FAA Safety Team Wings webinar, you'll learn how to love stalling the airplane just inches above the runway, while avoiding that dreaded stall/spin accident. RATIONALE:

AvSport of Lock Haven What’s the Spin on Stalls? Presentation Copyright © 2015 Stalls are undoubtedly the most feared maneuver in the flight training curriculum. They are also an essential element of every single flight, in that an aircraft cannot land if its wing is still developing lift. In this FAA Safety Team Wings seminar, you'll learn how to love stalling the airplane just inches above the runway, while avoiding that dreaded stall/spin accident. RATIONALE:

AvSport of Lock Haven What’s the Spin on Stalls? Presentation Copyright © 2015 OBJECTIVES Upon successful completion of this webinar, you will: Understand and master critical angle of attack Explain how wings stall at any speed, in any attitude Practice approach-to-landing stalls to master the flare Practice power-on stalls to avoid inadvertent spins Convert a power-on to a power-off stall to aid recovery Avoid spins by ensuring that both wings stall equally Demonstrate safe stall and spin recovery procedures

AvSport of Lock Haven What’s the Spin on Stalls? Presentation Copyright © 2015 OBJECTIVES Upon successful completion of this seminar, you will: Understand and master critical angle of attack Explain how wings stall at any speed, in any attitude Practice approach-to-landing stalls to master the flare Practice power-on stalls to avoid inadvertent spins Convert a power-on to a power-off stall to aid recovery Avoid spins by ensuring that both wings stall equally Demonstrate safe stall and spin recovery procedures

AvSport of Lock Haven What’s the Spin on Stalls? Presentation Copyright © 2015 Caveat: The procedures shown here are used successfully by one particular instructor, in one particular aircraft. They may not apply in your situation. Disclaimer: Nothing in this presentation should be considered a substitute for adequate dual training, conducted by an appropriately rated flight instructor familiar with your particular aircraft. Waiver: By viewing this presentation, you understand and agree that: –Flying is a sport –There is risk associated with all sports –You accept that risk

AvSport of Lock Haven What’s the Spin on Stalls? Presentation Copyright © 2015 Aerodynamics - How the wing lifts Bernoulli’s Principle: As the velocity of a fluid increases, its pressure decreases. The accelerated air above the wing exerts less pressure on the wing than the un-accelerated air below it.

AvSport of Lock Haven What’s the Spin on Stalls? Presentation Copyright © 2015 Aerodynamics - How the wing lifts Air flow over the wing creates downwash, the pushing of air down creates a lifting force. The direct deflection of air downwards off of the lower surface of the wing also creates a resulting lifting force upward.

AvSport of Lock Haven What’s the Spin on Stalls? Presentation Copyright © 2015 Stall: automotive definition The engine quits under load

AvSport of Lock Haven What’s the Spin on Stalls? Presentation Copyright © 2015 Stall: aerodyamic definition The wing stops developing lift

AvSport of Lock Haven What’s the Spin on Stalls? Presentation Copyright © 2015 Common Stall Myths You can’t stall without pulling the nose up You only stall when you go too slow Stall speed is a constant number You won’t stall if you stay above stall speed To recover from a stall, you must add power Failure to recover from a stall leads to a spin

AvSport of Lock Haven What’s the Spin on Stalls? Presentation Copyright © 2015 Anatomy of a Stall Cord Line Relative Wind Angle of Attack Airflow Separation Recovery

AvSport of Lock Haven What’s the Spin on Stalls? Presentation Copyright © 2015 Anatomy of a Stall

AvSport of Lock Haven What’s the Spin on Stalls? Presentation Copyright © 2015 Anatomy of a Stall

AvSport of Lock Haven What’s the Spin on Stalls? Presentation Copyright © 2015 Critical Angle of Attack Can Be Exceeded In Any Flight Attitude!

AvSport of Lock Haven What’s the Spin on Stalls? Presentation Copyright © 2015 Doh!

AvSport of Lock Haven What’s the Spin on Stalls? Presentation Copyright © 2015 A stall occurs when: The engine quits under load The airspeed gets too low Critical Angle of Attack is exceeded The nose gets too high A spin develops

AvSport of Lock Haven What’s the Spin on Stalls? Presentation Copyright © 2015 “OK, now we’re going to do stalls!”

AvSport of Lock Haven What’s the Spin on Stalls? Presentation Copyright © 2015 Three Types of Stall: Approach-to-landing stall – often called a Power-Off Stall Takeoff and departure stall – often called a Power-On Stall Accelerated Stall

AvSport of Lock Haven What’s the Spin on Stalls? Presentation Copyright © 2015 The Approach-to-Landing Stall

AvSport of Lock Haven What’s the Spin on Stalls? Presentation Copyright © 2015 The Approach-to-Landing Stall Power reduction Glide established Stretching the glide Stall recognition Stall recovery

AvSport of Lock Haven What’s the Spin on Stalls? Presentation Copyright © 2015 Glider and Stall Practice Power off stall practice simulates an approach to landing, followed by a flare So, the purpose of power off stalls is to learn how to flare properly If you don’t stall, you can’t land! Some pilots believe they can stay safe by never stalling They’re still up there!

AvSport of Lock Haven What’s the Spin on Stalls? Presentation Copyright © 2015 Quiz time!

AvSport of Lock Haven What’s the Spin on Stalls? Presentation Copyright © 2015 Power-off stalls are used to simulate takeoff rotation landing flare slow flight go-around touch-and-go

AvSport of Lock Haven What’s the Spin on Stalls? Presentation Copyright © 2015 Takeoff and Departure Stall

AvSport of Lock Haven What’s the Spin on Stalls? Presentation Copyright © 2015 Takeoff and Departure Stall Establishing a climbout Over-rotation Obstacle clearance Stall recognition Stall recovery

AvSport of Lock Haven What’s the Spin on Stalls? Presentation Copyright © 2015 To go up, pull stick back. To go down, pull stick way back.

AvSport of Lock Haven What’s the Spin on Stalls? Presentation Copyright © 2015 Departure Stall Recovery Reduce power Reduce angle of attack Rudder to keep wings level Add climb-out power Establish best climb speed

AvSport of Lock Haven What’s the Spin on Stalls? Presentation Copyright © 2015 Another Question!

AvSport of Lock Haven What’s the Spin on Stalls? Presentation Copyright © 2015 The first step in recovery from a power-on stall should be to Level the wings Lower the nose Add full power Convert it to a power-off stall Pull back on the stick

AvSport of Lock Haven What’s the Spin on Stalls? Presentation Copyright © 2015 Accelerated stall

AvSport of Lock Haven What’s the Spin on Stalls? Presentation Copyright © 2015 Accelerated stall Load factor Bank angle Abrupt control changes Secondary stalls

AvSport of Lock Haven What’s the Spin on Stalls? Presentation Copyright © 2015 Accelerated stall

AvSport of Lock Haven What’s the Spin on Stalls? Presentation Copyright © 2015 Accelerated stall

AvSport of Lock Haven What’s the Spin on Stalls? Presentation Copyright © 2015 Accelerated stall

AvSport of Lock Haven What’s the Spin on Stalls? Presentation Copyright © 2015 Secondary stall

AvSport of Lock Haven What’s the Spin on Stalls? Presentation Copyright © 2015 I know this one!

AvSport of Lock Haven What’s the Spin on Stalls? Presentation Copyright © 2015 An accelerated stall Happens at lower than normal airspeed Occurs only during a steep turn Is another name for a secondary stall Can occur with little warning Results in little altitude loss

AvSport of Lock Haven What’s the Spin on Stalls? Presentation Copyright © 2015 Spin Avoidance and Recovery

AvSport of Lock Haven What’s the Spin on Stalls? Presentation Copyright © 2015 Spin Avoidance and Recovery Torque affects Power reduction Breaking the stall Stopping the rotation Flying out of the dive

AvSport of Lock Haven What’s the Spin on Stalls? Presentation Copyright © 2015 To go up, pull stick back. To go down, pull stick way back.

AvSport of Lock Haven What’s the Spin on Stalls? Presentation Copyright © 2015 Necessary Conditions for a Spin Critical angle of attack exceeded One wing stalls first Asymmetrical lift Aggravated by torque

AvSport of Lock Haven What’s the Spin on Stalls? Presentation Copyright © 2015 Overshooting turn to final

AvSport of Lock Haven What’s the Spin on Stalls? Presentation Copyright © 2015 Overshooting turn to final

AvSport of Lock Haven What’s the Spin on Stalls? Presentation Copyright © 2015 Spin Recovery Technique Remove excess torque Break the stall Stop the rotation Level the wings Recover from power off stall

AvSport of Lock Haven What’s the Spin on Stalls? Presentation Copyright © 2015 Final Question!

AvSport of Lock Haven What’s the Spin on Stalls? Presentation Copyright © 2015 A spin can occur when You overshoot the turn to final One wing stalls before the other The aircraft is cross-controlled You initiate a go-around without rudder Any of the above

AvSport of Lock Haven What’s the Spin on Stalls? Presentation Copyright © 2015 Final Safety Thoughts Practice at an adequate altitude Ailerons lose effectiveness Steer with your feet If all else fails, let go Don’t spin unless approved in aircraft

AvSport of Lock Haven What’s the Spin on Stalls? Presentation Copyright © 2015 Respect All Placards!

AvSport of Lock Haven What’s the Spin on Stalls? Presentation Copyright © 2015 Caveat: The procedures shown here are used successfully by one particular instructor, in one particular aircraft. They may not apply in your situation. Disclaimer: Nothing in this presentation should be considered a substitute for adequate dual training, conducted by an appropriately rated flight instructor familiar with your particular aircraft. Waiver: By viewing this presentation, you understand and agree that: –Flying is a sport –There is risk associated with all sports –You accept that risk

AvSport of Lock Haven What’s the Spin on Stalls? Presentation Copyright © 2015