SENIOR THESIS PRESENTATION Grey-water Reheat with Combined Heat and Power Analysis for a Hotel Presented by Geoffrey Kim | Mechanical Hotel Felix Chicago, Illinois The Pennsylvania State University Department of Architectural Engineering AE 482 Senior Thesis | Faculty Advisor: Dr. Jelena Srebric Geoffrey Kim | Mechanical | Faculty Advisor: Dr. Jelena Srebric | The Pennsylvania State University

BUILDING OVERVIEW INTRODUCTION HOTEL FELIX BUILDING NAME: HOTEL FELIX LOCATION : CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SIZE: 85,700 SF HEIGHT: 12 STORIES RENOVATION: SEP.2007 – MARCH 2009 LEED SILVER CERTIFIED INTRODUCTION HOTEL FELIX HOTEL FELIX

SITE MAP INTRODUCTION HOTEL FELIX HOTEL FELIX

SITE MAP INTRODUCTION HOTEL FELIX HOTEL FELIX W Chicago Ave. N Michigan Ave N Lasalle Dr. INTRODUCTION HOTEL FELIX HOTEL FELIX

EXISTING MECHANICAL SYSTEM (1) Roof Top Air Handling Unit (1) Self Contained Unit (225) Water Source Heat Pumps (1) Split System Air Conditioning Unit (1) Gas Fired Unit Heater INTRODUCTION HOTEL FELIX HOTEL FELIX

EXISTING MECHANICAL SYSTEM Zone 1 (Guest Rooms) Water Source Heat Pumps Zone 3 (Corridor) Constant Volume RTU Zone 2 (Basement, Ground, Mezzanine Floor) VAV Terminal Boxes w/ Electric Reheat INTRODUCTION HOTEL FELIX HOTEL FELIX

DESIGN OBJECTIVES Lower Annual Energy Utilization Lower Impact on the Environment Investigate Greywater Heat Recovery System and Combined Heating and Power. MECHANICAL REDESIGN HOTEL FELIX HOTEL FELIX

GREYWATER HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEM HOT WATER FROM BOILER (140F) SHOWER PREHEATED COLD WATER DRAIN WATER (110F) GREYWATER HEAT EXCHANGER BOILER COLD WATER FOR BOILER (54F) MECHANICAL REDESIGN HOTEL FELIX HOTEL FELIX

GREYWATER HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEM Hotel Room Showers Cold Water Supply (0F) 54 Hot Water Leaving Boiler (0F) 140 Temperature of Shower (0F) 110 Efficiency of Boiler + Hot Water Pipes 80 % Thermal Capacity of Water (btu/ft3 0F) 62.4 Energy to heat one gallon of shower water (Btu/gallon) 585 Hotel Room Showers Typical Shower Flow Rate (GPM) 2.5 Average Length of Shower (Min) 5 Number of Showers (225) 225 Number of Showers per Day per Room 2 Daily Shower Water Usage (gallons/day) 6875 Estimated Hotel Occupancy 70% Estimated Daily Shower Water Usage (gallons) 4812 Hotel Room Showers Energy required to heat water per day (btu/day) 4,024,020 Natural Gas Price ($/therm) 0.836 Annual cost (per year) 12,279 MECHANICAL REDESIGN HOTEL FELIX HOTEL FELIX

GREYWATER HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEM Energy Reduction Annual Energy Consumption 14,673 therms Annual Energy Savings 4,324 therms Percentage Reduction 29.5% Savings Savings Annual Energy Savings 4,324 therm/year Annual Cost Savings $5,188 / year MECHANICAL REDESIGN HOTEL FELIX HOTEL FELIX

GREYWATER HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEM Initial Equipment Cost Heat Exchanger $27,540 Piping + Labor $6,400 Total =$33,940 Payback Period $33,940 / $5,188 = 6.54 Years MECHANICAL REDESIGN HOTEL FELIX HOTEL FELIX

COMBINED HEAT AND POWER WASTE ENERGY PRIME MOVER FUEL GENERATOR EXHAUST HEAT ELECTRICITY THERMAL OUTPUT MECHANICAL REDESIGN HOTEL FELIX HOTEL FELIX

COMBINED HEAT AND POWER Prime Mover Selection Internal Combustion Engine Heat: Power Ratio - 1:1 Capacity – up to 4MW Micro Turbine Heat : Power Ratio – 2:1 Capacity – Up to 1MW MECHANICAL REDESIGN HOTEL FELIX HOTEL FELIX

COMBINED HEAT AND POWER DOLLARS ($) Monthly Utility Cost MECHANICAL REDESIGN HOTEL FELIX HOTEL FELIX

COMBINED HEAT AND POWER Initial Equipment Cost Microturbine ($1500/kW) $45,000 Labor ($400/kW) $12,000 Ductwork and Piping ($100/kW) $3,000 Total =$60,000 MECHANICAL REDESIGN HOTEL FELIX HOTEL FELIX

COMBINED HEAT AND POWER Energy Savings Annual Cost Saving $6,355 Initial Cost $60,000 Simple Payback Period 9.5 Years MECHANICAL REDESIGN HOTEL FELIX HOTEL FELIX

ACOUSTIC ANALYSIS Design Criteria CHP system noise to not exceed 40 NC to Hotel Room Below CHP System to Meet Chicago Noise Ordinance Code Acoustic Analysis HOTEL FELIX HOTEL FELIX

ACOUSTIC ANALYSIS Existing Roof – Concrete slab roof w/ steel joists HOTEL FELIX HOTEL FELIX

CONCLUSION Greywater Reheat Annual Saving $5,188 Payback Period 6.5 Years CHP System Annual Saving $6,355 Payback Period 9.5 Years Conclusion HOTEL FELIX HOTEL FELIX

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Professor Holland Professor Srebric Professor Freihaut Professor Ling Leland Curtis Trien Devon Lam Shiyun Chen AE Faculty, and Friends, and Dewberry Acknowledgements HOTEL FELIX HOTEL FELIX