1 Guest Speaker: Brandy Toft Leech Lake Ojibwe

 Overview of FRM/FEM/ARM status, requirements, and reporting  QC (routine checks, audits, and method- specific QC) for: ◦ Filter and Continuous PM2.5 ◦ Filter and Continuous PM10  Minivols  General PM QC issues 2

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 If comparing to standard, MUST use FRM or FEM; see 40 CFR 50.7 ◦ Also look at Appendix C to 40 CFR Part 58 – Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Methodology  You may have purposes other than comparing to NAAQS, and you may want different types of instruments to suit your goals  Can use an FRM (class 1, filter-based), FEM class II (filter-based, like dichots), or FEM class III (continuous), or ARM (someday) 4

 6 PM 2.5 continuous methods have been approved as FEMs  PM 2.5 Continuous Monitoring  If PM 2.5 continuous FEMs meet Part 53 criteria used to approve the instrument by comparing to collocated FRMs, EPA supports use of the continuous FEM as a Primary monitor (see spreadsheet for the calcs at above website) 5

 Met One BAM-1020 Monitor – EQPM  Thermo Scientific Model 5014i or FH62C14-DHS – EQPM  Thermo Scientific Model 5030 SHARP – EQPM  Thermo Scientific Series 8500C FDMS – EQPM  Thermo Scientific 1405-DF FDMS – EQPM  GRIMM Model EDM 180 PM 2.5 Monitor – EQPM

Method Description Method Code Monitors Reporting to AQS – Nov. ‘10 Met One BAM Thermo 8500C FDMS18124 Thermo 1405-DF FDMS1821 Thermo 5014i or FH62C14-DHS1830 Thermo 5030 SHARP1842 GRIMM EDM

 ARM = Approved Regional Method  No ARMs yet  Process of establishing an ARM is the same as an FEM, must collocate FRM and produce 90 + sample pairs per year with 20 ea season  Regional office must approve (natch) 8

 An approved FEM can be designated as primary  The FEM can be collocated with FRM, the FRM being primary  An ARM FEM can be approved (takes at least a year of operation to gather enough data, plus time for approval)  Approved primary FEM or ARM would then report to AQS as 88101, POC 3 9

MethodCFRFrequencyMQO Flow Rate Verification (QC check) 3.2.3*Once every 4 weeks <= 4% of Standard & 5% of Design Value Semi-Annual Flow Rate Audit 3.2.4Every 6 Months <= 4% of Standard & 5% of Design Value Collocated Sampling % of Network Every 12 Days PM 2.5, TSP, PM 10 : Precision = 10% PM 2.5 PEP Program3.2.7Each quarter- (see QA Requirements for NAAQS.xls) Bias = 10% 10 See e-cfr, or: idx?tpl=/ecfrbrowse/Title40/40tab_02.tplhttp:// idx?tpl=/ecfrbrowse/Title40/40tab_02.tpl

MethodAQSWho? With What? Flow Rate Verification (not required to be reported to AQS) RPCan be site operator, no national certification required, not the same standards that are used to calibrate your analyzer Semi-Annual Flow Rate Audit RAPreferably not site operator, no national certification required, not the same standards that are used for monthly QC checks PM PEP RP, and contractor reports their values OAQPS/TAMS certified auditor OAQPS/TAMS equipment 11 General info on filter methods in guidance doc 2.12: 212covd.pdf 212covd.pdf

 Same CFR requirements for filter (FRM-17 methods) and dichot (2 methods) and continuous (6 methods), although there are separate validation templates for filter, continuous & dichot  collocation: ◦ if <= 3 sites, at least 1 FRM collocated with one FEM ◦ 1/12 days for SLAMS, 1/6 for PSD  PEP five times each year if fewer than 5 sites  FR checks every 4 weeks(RP) with own stnd  FR audit every 6 months(RA) with outside stnd 12

 FRM are all filter-based methods (40 CFR 50 App. J)  FEM includes continuous methods (40 CFR 53)  BOTH can be compared to the NAAQS for PM 10 (40 CFR 50.7) 13

 Hi-vol (1130 lpm) method (used for TSP) with PM 10 inlet that directs only PM 10 to filter; guidance in EPA Handbook 2.11  Lo-vol sampling at 16.7 L/m; see EPA Handbook 2.10; can be either: ◦ Dichot method which split into PM 2.5 and PM 10 ; both filters are weighed ◦ Lo-vol sampler (R&P, Andersen, and BGI all approved as FRM PM 10 ) 14 Both handbooks at:

 TEOMs  BAMs 15

MethodCFRFrequencyMQO Flow Rate Verification (QC check) LOW-VOL, 16.7 LPM 3.3.2Once every 4 weeks <= 4% of Standard & 5% of Design Value Flow Rate Verification (QC check) HI-VOL, 1130 LPM 3.3.2Once every quarter <= 7% of Standard & 10% of Design Value Semi-Annual Flow Rate Audit LOW- VOL 3.3.3Every 6 Months <= 4% of Standard & 5% of Design Value Semi-Annual Flow Rate Audit HI-VOL 3.3.3Every 6 Months <= 10% of Standard & 10% of Design Value Collocated Sampling % of Network Every 12 Days Precision = 10% 16 (hi-vol or lo-vol doesn’t matter to the 15%)

MethodCFRFrequencyMQO Flow Rate Verification (QC check) 3.2.3Once every 4 weeks <= 7% of Standard & 10% of design Semi-Annual Flow Rate Audit 3.2.4Every 6 Months <= 10% of Standard & design Average Flow Rate Not in CFR, just in validation template so is recommendation Every 24 hours Average within 5% of design 17 Plus whatever your instrument manuals call for.

MethodAQSFrequencyWho? With What? Flow Rate Verification (not required to be reported to AQS) RPOnce every 4 weeks Can be site operator, no national certification required, not the same standards that are used to calibrate your analyzer Semi-Annual Flow Rate Audit RAEvery 6 Months Preferably not site operator, no national certification required, not the same standards that are used for monthly QC checks 18

 As for all PM, it all hinges on flow rate and careful filter handling 19

 Laboratories! ◦ The TAMS Center laboratory provides exemplary reports; examples available for you to urge your lab to copy (see COC forms in zipped folder) ◦ Also ask for quarterly QC reports ◦ TAMS gravimetric services:  Flow rate standards must be verified annually, some guidance in Redbook  Data management (filters require chain of custody; see example COC forms for PEP program in session 7 folder ) 20

 You may be using a non-FRM/FEM, so you can report to AQS using the non-regulatory guidance: ory%20Monitor%20Type%20Guidance.pdf ory%20Monitor%20Type%20Guidance.pdf  Flow rate and pressure calcs are made easier with free program:  REPORT NEGATIVE VALUES: see your MDL in the table AQS_SplgMethodsFromToolbox.xls in session 7 folder: ◦ TEOMs MDL ranges from -10 to -50 ◦ BAMS MDL ranges from -10 to 4 m g/m 3 21

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 It ALL hangs on flow rate  PM2.5 PEP auditing necessary for NAAQS data  Your instrument may be able to do “better” than validation criteria, see your spec sheets 24