” Particulates „ Characterisation of Exhaust Particulate Emissions from Road Vehicles Key Action KA2:Sustainable Mobility and Intermodality Task 2.2:Infrastructures and their interfaces with transport means and systems Sector 2.2.2:Environment, Sub-Infrastructures and their interfaces with transport means and systems Task 2.2.2/2:Monitoring emissions from transport, including particulates

Background  Inhaled particulate matter has been associated with adverse health effects.  Air quality standards are amended accordingly to set maximum ambient levels of particulates in different size modes.  Information on the size and characteristics of vehicle particulate emissions is limited.  Potential complications may be encountered if size resolved standards need also to be established for vehicle emissions.  Information on particulate characteristics is required to explain the association of particulates with health effects.

Key-targets of Investigation Scientific: To develop the necessary scientific understanding to underpin the technical targets. Analytical: To identify relevant methods capable of accurate measurement of whatever is identified as causal, with robust means of calibration and quality control; to prepare standard test methods of operation both with respect to sampling and measurement. Technical: To improve air quality by the development of soundly based air quality standards to address identifiable and attributable health effects; control measures to reduce emissions should provide cost-effective benefits.

Objectives Outline  Collect and analyse information on the characterisation of motor vehicle emitted particulates.  Include parameters introduced by the air quality standards (size, number concentration, etc.).  Include further particulate characterisation dimensions (surface area, chemical composition, etc.).  Provide coherent, consistent and transparent information on representative emission factors of current and future vehicle technologies.

Scientific Objectives  To review the instrumentation and sampling techniques used so far for particulate characterisation.  To develop a harmonised sampling protocol for the definition of exhaust aerosol sampling conditions.  To use this protocol in a detailed measurement campaign which will cover most of the existing and near future fuels and vehicle technologies.  To produce an adequate database with appropriate emission factors for particulates and other unregulated pollutants associated with them.

Major Project Innovations  The development of a common harmonised sampling methodology to be used as input to development at other levels.  The development of a clear baseline in terms of emission factors or emission profiles for the physical and chemical characterisation of particulates.  The investigation of the effects of future technologies on the emissions of particulates and other associated non regulated pollutants.  The added value regarding the fate of particulates after dilution in the atmosphere.

Contribution to EU Policies  Particulate matter regulations under the auspices of the Ambient Air Quality Assessment and Management Directive (97/62/EEC).  Initiative Clean Air For Europe (CAFE) is targeting particulates as a key atmospheric pollutant.  Ex-ante clustered proposals.  Task 2.2.2/3: In service test procedures for road vehicle emissions.  Task 2.2.2/1: Thematic network on transport and the environment.

Contribution to Community Social Objectives: Environment  Vehicle exhaust particulates are considered the primary source of urban aerosol. Information produced in the framework of thid project will be used for inventorying purposes, air quality modelling and accurate apportionment of urban aerosol to the road transport sector to allow a more efficient policy making.  Investigation of the technically feasible measures to decrease the environmental pressure by road transport produced particulates

Contribution to Community Social Objectives: Life quality, health & safety  Control of high urban particulate concentration will be beneficial to citizens’ health because of interception to: –Acute health effects (toxic effects, headaches, etc.) –Chronic health effects (asthma, cancers?, etc.)  Visibility improvements  Material damage (soiling of surfaces, wear of building materials, etc.)

Economic Development and S&T Prospects: Community Added Value

Economic Development and S&T Prospects: Social / Environmental Impact

Overview of the Consortium - 1

Overview of the Consortium - 2

Work Programme Outline  Definition of the exhaust aerosol properties which will be examined and evaluation of the available measurement instruments and techniques.  Development and introduction of a harmonised protocol for the definition of exhaust aerosol sampling conditions.  Examination of the particulate emissions of current light duty vehicles and heavy duty engines.  Investigation of the influence of engine technology, fuel quality and after-treatment on particulate emissions.

Project Workplan: Tasks

Project Workplan: Tasks

Project Workplan: Tasks

Project Products Outline  A detailed framework for a future vehicle particulate sampling and measurement methodology.  Input to emissions modelling tools, in relation to existing knowledge, in terms of usable emission factors for current vehicles.  Assessment of the effectiveness of the technical measures for reducing particulate emissions  Useful input to medical studies.

Overview of the Deliverables - 1

Overview of the Deliverables - 2

Impacts “The whole project should be seen in the frame of an integrated effort towards the understanding of particulate generation, particulate evolution in the atmosphere (ageing) and finally particulate impact on human heath. This effort may lead to the efficient decision-making concerning air quality improvement and citizens welfare. It is also self evident that it will contribute to the competitiveness of the European industry and the European technological progress.”