A World in Ferment Risks & Opportunities A World in Ferment Islam, Islamism and Islamophobia A World in Ferment Risks & Opportunities A World in Ferment

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The Oxford Research Group (ORG) is a leading independent think-tank that has been influential for 30 years in pioneering the idea of sustainable approaches to security as an alternative to violent global confrontation, through original research, wide- ranging dialogue, and practical policy recommendations. Resources

The International Crisis Group is an independent, non-profit, non-governmental organisation committed to preventing and resolving deadly conflict. Resources

Islam in the World

Spread of Islam

Islam Today

Size of Major Religious Groups

Islam & Christianity

Branches of Islam Sufism Islam is no monolith Salafism

Greatness of Islamic Civilisation

Islamic Contributions to Science & Technology Early Islamic teaching encouraged the pursuit of all knowledge We read in the Hadith (sayings of the Prophet Muhammad):  He who pursues the road of knowledge, Allah will direct to the road of Paradise…  The scholar’s ink is holier that the martyr’s blood… Arabic became the international language of scholarship Muslims translated important works from ancient Greece and Egypt Huge libraries were established in the great metropolitan centres of Baghdad, Cairo & Damascus

How Islamic inventors changed the world From coffee to cheques and the three-course meal, the Muslim world has given us many innovations that we take for granted in daily life. Paul Vallely nominates 20 of the most influential Muslim inventions - and identifies the men of genius behind them The Independent 11 March inventors-changed-the-world html?printService=print

Hypostyle Hall of the Great Mosque of Córdoba, Spain Begun 786, doubled in area in the 10th century to 585 x 410 feet with 1,200 columns supporting horseshoe arches, patterned with coloured marbles and other stones.

Folio from a Qur'an manuscript 13th–14th century Spain

Tughra of Sultan Sulaiman the Magnificent 16th century (Istanbul)

The Eavesdropper, ca. 1430; Timurid period ( ) – Afghanistan

The Feast of Sada ca. 1520–22 – Safavid period ( )

Mantiq al-tair (The Language of the Birds) ca – Safavid period ( ) Isfahan, Iran

The Great Mosque of Damascus

The House of Bijapur ca ’Adil Shahi period ( ) Deccan, Bijapur, India

Calligraphy, Iran, second half 19th century

Xian Great Mosque

Taj Mahal, Islamic tomb in walled garden built for Mughal Emperor‘s Wife Agra (seat of Mughal Empire

The Haram Sharif Grand Mosque in Mecca

Islam’s Contemporary Assets

Proved oil reserves at end 2013 From: BP Statstical Review of World Energy 2014

Reserves to Production (R/P) Ratios – Years

Major Oil movements 2014 in millions of tons

Choke Points The Muslim world borders or encompasses key choke points around the world, including: Strait of Gibraltar The Dardanelles and the Bosphorus The Suez Canal Bab el Mandeb The Strait of Hormuz The Strait of Malacca Straits contained within Indonesian archipelago

Bab el Mandeb

Strait of Hormuz

Southeast Asia

Middle East: A Tragedy in Six parts  Conflict / War  Great Power Military Intervention  Repression  Fundamentalism  Terrorism / War on Terror  Refugee Crisis

... an unending list of conflicts Conflicts  Jordan-Syria tensions  Black September (1970)  North Yemen Civil War (1962–1970)  The Cyprus dispute  Lebanese civil war (1975–1990)  Libya-Egypt conflict  Iraq-Kuwait clashes ( )  The Iran–Iraq War ( )  Gulf War and aftermath ( )  Iraq War (2003-)  Libya conflict ( 2011-)  Syria conflict (2011-)  Turkey-Kurdish conflict  Yemen conflict Arab-Israeli conflict 1948 Arab-Israeli War 1956 Suez War 1967 Six Day War War of Attrition 1973 Yom Kippur War 1982 Lebanon War First Intifada South Lebanon conflict al-Aqsa Intifada 2006 Lebanon War Israel-Gaza conflict 2014 Gaza Conflict

Refugee Crisis in Europe

Muslim Grievances against the West Support for Israel Depressed economic conditions Support for corrupt and authoritarian regimes Affront to religious sensibilities West’s indifference to / ignorance of the past greatness of Islamic civilization Military intervention on Muslim soil Treatment of Muslim minorities in the West