ecosan – principles, technologies, projects Appropriate Technologies in Ccooperation Projects, , Brescia 1 ecological sanitation: technologies Christine Werner Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH ecological sanitation program, Division 44 – environment and infrastructure CeTAmb - International Conference The role of Appropriate Technologies in Cooperation Projects Desenzano del Garda (Brescia - Italia), December

ecosan – principles, technologies, projects Appropriate Technologies in Ccooperation Projects, , Brescia 2 content  ecosan principles  ecosan technologies  ecosan project examples

ecosan – principles, technologies, projects Appropriate Technologies in Ccooperation Projects, , Brescia 3 technical data sheets for ecosan components overview

ecosan – principles, technologies, projects Appropriate Technologies in Ccooperation Projects, , Brescia 4 examples of urine diverting toilets Wost-Man, Sweden  waterless: faeces and urine without flush Roediger, Germany Dubletten, Sweden GTZ, Mali China  dry/wet: faeces without, urine with flush  dry/wet: faeces with, urine without flush  wet: faeces & urine with flush ecosan technologies

ecosan – principles, technologies, projects Appropriate Technologies in Ccooperation Projects, , Brescia 5 Lambertsmühle, Germany Mon Museum, Sweden vacuum urinal KfW-building, Germany waterless urinals ecosan technologies Ernst Urimat Keramag

ecosan – principles, technologies, projects Appropriate Technologies in Ccooperation Projects, , Brescia 6 composting toilet, Germany (Berger Biotechnik) ecosan technologies examples of composting toilets Sweden

ecosan – principles, technologies, projects Appropriate Technologies in Ccooperation Projects, , Brescia 7 examples of composting toilets optimised composting toilet, Japan, Bio-Lux (Seiwa Denko Ltd) mixing chamber with sawdust electrical or manually driven mixing mechanisms ecosan technologies

ecosan – principles, technologies, projects Appropriate Technologies in Ccooperation Projects, , Brescia 8 examples of dehydrating toilets rear view of a dehydrating toilet, Mali school toilet facility, China ecosan technologies two chamber systems

ecosan – principles, technologies, projects Appropriate Technologies in Ccooperation Projects, , Brescia 9 vacuum systems elements: vacuum toilets, vacuum urinals, vacuum conductions, pumping station advantages: water saving, concentrated black water collection, decentralised treatment possible (anaerobic) manufacturer: i.e. Roediger GmbH ecosan technologies

ecosan – principles, technologies, projects Appropriate Technologies in Ccooperation Projects, , Brescia 10 anaerobic treatment with biogas production ecosan technologies small-scale biogas plants: decentralized treatment of household wastewater with or without agricultural waste

ecosan – principles, technologies, projects Appropriate Technologies in Ccooperation Projects, , Brescia 11 membrane technology  Highly effective removal of soluable and biodegradable materials in wastewater stream  selective permeable membrane (pore sizes < bacteria)  treated water recycle potential for non-potable application  compact, flexible system ecosan technologies

ecosan – principles, technologies, projects Appropriate Technologies in Ccooperation Projects, , Brescia 12 vermicomposting example in South Africa: ecosan technologies

ecosan – principles, technologies, projects Appropriate Technologies in Ccooperation Projects, , Brescia 13 aquaculture  wastewater treatment by aquatic plants and fish with nutrient recyling by human consumption  offers high quality protein at low cost  predominantly in Asian countries  fish production of 1-6 tons/ha·year) achieved duckweed tilapia carp ecosan technologies

ecosan – principles, technologies, projects Appropriate Technologies in Ccooperation Projects, , Brescia 14 constructed wetlands vertical flow source: Cemagref Niels De Pauw ecosan technologies horizontal flow source: Comax International Ltd.  treatment of wastewater or greywater  effective in the removal of BOD, TSS, pathogen and nitrogen  effluent can be reused  aesthetically appealing

ecosan – principles, technologies, projects Appropriate Technologies in Ccooperation Projects, , Brescia 15 wastewater treatment with biomass production source: EU Fair, 2003  Combined wastewater treatment and bio-fuel production from willow plantations (example in Sweden)  Cost and energy effective ecosan technologies

ecosan – principles, technologies, projects Appropriate Technologies in Ccooperation Projects, , Brescia 16 „epuvalisation“ - hydroponics nutrient recycling (Senegal) ecosan technologies

ecosan – principles, technologies, projects Appropriate Technologies in Ccooperation Projects, , Brescia 17 Various containers for urine storage: Gebers, Sweden Lambertsmühle, Germany ecosan technologies urine storage

ecosan – principles, technologies, projects Appropriate Technologies in Ccooperation Projects, , Brescia 18 direct injection of liquid fertiliser agricultural use urban agriculture ecosan technologies irrigation

ecosan – principles, technologies, projects Appropriate Technologies in Ccooperation Projects, , Brescia 19 Thank you! subscribe the ecosan-newsletter by sending an with the text “subscribe ecosan” to: