 Read “Police Reform: Peacebuilding Through ‘Democratic Policing’?”  45 points  Discussion- 25 points  Seminar- 20 points  February 23, 2011-March 1, 2011

 Home of Bosniaks, Serbians, and Croats  Formerly part of Yugoslavia, gained independence in Yugoslav wars of 1990’s  Serb forces attacked non-Serbs  2.2 million refugees displaced after war (of 3 nations)  Serb-Bosniak conflict  100, ,000 killed  Dayton Peace Accords-Nov, Dec 1995

 police reform has become an essential pre-requisite for the success of post-conflict peacebuilding missions  most, if not all, war-torn societies (from intra-state conflicts) the police were, prior to and/or during the conflict period, politically biased, militarized, corrupt, ethnically (or group) divided, disrespectful of human rights and inefficient at ensuring the security of all citizens  Promotion of good government, peace, development depends on ridding police bias, intimidation, brutality  Thought process- good police department necessary to any peaceful, civilized society

 the minority police recruitment policy  certification process for all Bosnian police officers  Designed to help make the police department effective, non-biased, and aid in the peacekeeping process

 Ethnic cleansing  Ethnic minorities:  Most at risk  Least sympathy from authorities  Least physical protection from police  Often were the victim of police attacks

 Hope- that police officers are different of different ethnicities would work side by side and, in doing so, would learn to treat all citizens equally  Officers working side by side would learn to treat all citizens equally  This would set an example to majority group, and the minorities returning to area  Police=manifestation of government=advance of the confidence in new government=peace  Reality-success debatable

 Quotas not met  Officers not living in area  Police did not bond with each other  Years of a corrupt culture  Government still in shambles, longtime distrust

 During war-police one of main perpetrators of organized crime, war crimes, ethnic cleansing  “Certification process” instituted  Police did not meet standards “de-certified”  Actual practice never put in place  Confidence levels remained low ( % satisfaction with police)

 Police- who are they beholden to: public? Oath? Government?  Socially-engineering the police according to ‘democratic policing’ precepts may help to assist in the difficult task of transforming a society, but it cannot work in isolation from a broad range of other social mechanisms

 On page 372 of this week’s readings, the author quotes a European Union (EU) official describing one of the problems facing the Bosnia and Herzegovina security sector as the “over- democratization of the Bosnian police forces, to such an extent that their monopoly over the use of force has been taken away completely.” Understanding that power and authority is practiced in a continuum, from complete order through a police state to anarchy by an ineffectual state, the EU official offers that the Bosnia and Herzegovina police sector is so responsive or accountable to the populace that it has become an ineffective tool in providing safety and security. In other words, because of the vetting process at work to ensure a diverse police force, the populace can seriously impede the police sector’s work by making unsubstantiated allegations against police officers.  In your initial posting, offer a methodology in which the Bosnia and Herzegovina government can, through the police sector, continue to pursue reconciliation between the ethnic groups, pursue a legacy of democratic policing, and develop a professionalized, well paid, and respected police force.

 March 2, 2011-March 8, 2011  225 points  Discussion-25 points  Seminar-20 points  Assignment- 180 points  Last day of class- March 15, 2011

 Evaluating a Peacekeeping Mission  After reading all of the assigned texts and reviewing the material in Extra! Extra! you should have an understanding of the challenges facing the reform of the justice sector in a post-disruption society. You should also have an understanding of how those challenges were or were not overcome resulting in positive or negative outcomes in particular peacekeeping operations. You should also be able to apply the acquired knowledge of the above to another peacekeeping operation in concluding whether the reform that occurred in the operation was successful in re- establishing the rule of law.  Students will select a peacekeeping effort that requires the re- establishment of the rule of law and write a page paper identifying, analyzing, and evaluating its success or failure. The student should incorporate all of the course readings, and cite at least three additional resources, in supporting their evaluation. The following points should be covered in your paper:

 Identify the event and the peacekeeping mission and describe how it unfolded  Identify criminal justice institutions that are part of this peacekeeping operation and how they aided in the success or failure of the mission  Relate how this operation and these institutions specific roles had an impact on the missions success or failure  Analyze the outcome based on the positive or negative exploitation of these institutions  Assess the effectiveness of these institutions on the peacekeeping operation and suggest two alternative outcomes based on the knowledge you have acquired in this course  Support those outcomes with your research  Students will include a chart measuring five statistical barometers of a pre and post-conflict society used by the student to bolster their view of the success or failure of a particular peacekeeping effort. The student should read and incorporate models contained in the World Peace Foundation’s Good Governance Rankings: the Art of Measurement