Fluid Mechanics Principles & Applications  Educate.spsu.edu/faculty website  SPSU  “afm”  Syllabus  Notes - schedules  Power Point

AFM  Outcomes  Credits  Text: Applied Fluid Mechanics, 6 th Edition, Robert Mott

AFM  Impacts: chemical manufacture, automobile systems, electrical generation, petroleum refining, water treatment

AFM  Extensive impact on everyday life Home hot water system Potable water Waste water Natural gas HVAC Refrigeration

AFM  Automobiles: fuel system, cooling system, brakes, power steering  Manufacturing: machine operations  Farming: harvesting  Construction: earth moving  Mining  Aircraft: control surfaces, landing gear

AFM  Mathematical approach → empirical approach  AFM: basics → working equation → application

Practice Text examples, class examples, homework, tests

AFM  Learn A  A basis for learning B Read text Examples Homework Questions One minute paper

AFM  Learning Styles: Improves understanding and retention. Active – work problems, apply in lab, discuss in class, explain to someone. Visual – pictures, diagrams, demonstrations. Sequential – build knowledge in logical steps

AFM  “You can take this course one of two ways, seriously or again.” Dr. Neathery – Oklahoma State Univ.

AFM  Technicians: trained in set procedures; focus on how, what, when.  Engineers: learned basics; know why. Broader knowledge base.

AFM  No cookbook  Orderly/logical approach Read carefully Describe system Sketch Assumptions Principles & working equations; tables & graphs Solve Reasonable

Approach  “Most difficulties encountered are due not to lack of knowledge, rather due to lack of organization (of what you know).” Dr. Cengel, N.C. State Univ.

AFM  Assumptions – reasonable

Solve Equation  Include units  Consistent unit system  Significant digits  Equation is a representation of an actual physical process, not an exercise in mathematics.

AFM  Reasonable result Make sense? Sign Units Magnitude

AFM  Presentations in real world: bosses & customers: logical, neat, & orderly  In AFM, to Instructor. Use same standard

AFM  Solid mechanics – objects stationary (statics) or moving (dynamics)  Fluid mechanics – fluids at rest or in motion Gas – fills available volume; no resistance to stress Liquid – limited volume; responds to stress by continuous deformation.

AFM  Gases – compressible  Liquids – ordinarily incompressible. Hydrostatics Hydrodynamics: closed pipe, open channel, external flow

Unit Systems  SI  USCS

Properties  Characteristics of system  Mass  Weight  Density  Specific weight  Specific gravity

Properties  Specific volume  Ideal gas law  Compressibility: bulk modulus  Temperature Engineering Absolute

Viscosity  Resistance to deformation  Proportionality constant  Absolute  Kinematic  Saybolt viscometer  Viscosity index

SAE viscosity  SAE10W-40 10W for cold cranking engine 40 for engine operating temperature

Viscosity  Temperature dependence Liquid Gas  Shear dependence - rheology

Pressure  Intensity of a force  System property  Vs reference: gage, atmospheric, absolute  Pascal’s Paradox  Manometer Barometer U-tube

Examples  Mercury manometer is connected to an air duct to measure its insice pressure. The manometer deflection is 15mm. Atmospheric pressure is 100kPa. Find the duct’s absolute pressure. Hg  = 13,600kg/m 3.

Examples  Refer figure. Find the manometer deflection.

Pascal’s Law  An increase in pressure in an enclosed system will be transmitted throughout the entire system.

Hydraulic jack: Homework  Exert 100N on jack handle; support what force?

Homework  Oil with a specific gravity 0f 0.8 forms a layer 0.9m deep in an open tank that is otherwise filled with water having a depth of 2.10m. The water temperature is 10 o C.  Calculate h  Calculate P at the bottom of the tank in gage pressure

Assignment  Mott: Chapters 1 & 2

QUESTIONS

References  Images & examples Fluid Mechanics Fundamentals & Applications, 6 th Edition, Cengel & Cimbala, McGraw Hill Applied Fluid Mechanics, 6 th Edition, Mott, Prentice Hall Engineering Fluid Mechanics, 5 th Edition Crowe, Elger, & Roberson, Wiley  Which of the problems were helpful?  Why?