MECHANICAL DRAWING

Why do we draw? To communicate!!! Picture is worth a 1000 words!!! words are pretty effective for some situations, often in Engineering and design, pictures are much more effective Importance of communication - what’s your idea worth if you cant share it with others In the real world you have to collaborate, so you need to know how to communicate your ideas or they are not very useful to you

Why does it matter? What’s the use of a great idea if you cant convey it to any one else. No one is an expert at everything, so we must collaborate to reach a common goal. Picture is worth a 1000 words!!! words are pretty effective for some situations, often in Engineering and design, pictures are much more effective Importance of communication - what’s your idea worth if you cant share it with others In the real world you have to collaborate, so you need to know how to communicate your ideas or they are not very useful to you

Communication with Drawing (things to consider) Subject – what you are trying to convey (Process, structure, function, material, etc….) Audience – who you are communicating with (designer, client, manager, public, other engineers) Two important things to think about when drawing

Types of Mechanical Drawing Drawing types we will explore today Sketches Isometric Drawings Orthographic Projections

When is a sketch useful? Think about What (subject) Who (audience) USEFULL: Idea sharing / working out low level details / idea generating NOT SO USEFULL: PART MANUFACTURE OR ASSEMBLE

Sketching – look and feel

Sketching – to show process

Sketching – to explore form Sketching usually associated with look and feel, try and emphasize that other models are at times effective. EX (restaurant floor plan)

DRAWING TOOLS drafting dots or masking tape thick marker thin marker ruler or scale 30 60 90 triangle

Time to Draw!!!!!!!! Bring your markers and pencil and move to one of the large tables in Pappalardo

WARM UP (in marker, without erasers and rulers) connect the matching letters and symbols without lifting your marker, draw from your shoulders, not your wrist – STAND UP  to the side – try drawing a few circles without lifting your marker try inscribing some circles in the squares you’ve just created can you make the circle touch the center of each side of the square? can you do it without lifting your pen? try inscribing ovals in the three orientations of diamonds created by two of your neighboring triangles can you make the oval touch the center of each side of the diamond?

When is a technical drawing useful? Think about What (subject) Who (audience) USEFULL: assembly, machining, fabrication, NOT SO USEFULL: quick idea generation, or communication of rough concepts

Technical Drawing - Isometric

Technical Drawing – Orthographic

Technical Drawing – Assembly section

Technical Drawing – More Sections

Isometric Drawing

Isometric Drawing

Isometric Drawing front corner is centered and vertical bottom edges slant up at a 30 degree angle from horizontal (You should be viewing 3 of the 6 faces of a cube) 30° 30°

ISOMETRIC DRAWING height (“vertical”) lines are always drawn vertically in at their true (or scaled) length width and depth (“horizontal”) lines are drawn 30 degrees from the horizontal at their true (or scaled) length all lines parallel to the height, width or depth are at their true (or scaled) length lines not parallel to these axes are not drawn at their true length height width depth

Isometric Drawing - Dimensions

Isometric Drawing - Dimensions Identify line to dimension

Isometric Drawing - Dimensions Draw extension lines

Isometric Drawing - Dimensions Draw dimension lines

Isometric Drawing - Dimensions draw as many dimensions as you would need to make the part (no more no less)

DRAWING TOOLS drafting dots or masking tape thick marker thin marker ruler or scale 30 60 90 triangle

Time to draw!!!!!! Take all your drawing tools and move to the tables in pappalardo.

ISOMETRIC PRACTICE draw a 8cm cube (use pencil and a ruler at first) 1 – draw a single vertical (centered, starting at the bottom) 2 – draw the depth and width of the cube from the bottom of the vertical (30 degrees to the horizontal) 3 – draw the other two verticals 4 – draw the top of the cube trace over your cube freehand with your thin marker affix isometric graph paper to work space with draft dots cover with trace I will do on the board as they do on their page

ISOMETRIC PRACTICE – 3D “L” draw a rectangular prism (use pencil and a ruler at first) 1 – use any height, width and depth – same steps as the cube 2 – lightly trace the hidden lines of the bottom plane 3 – draw the L on the bottom and top plane, with the negative space “closest” to you 4 – fill in the remaining verticals 5 – erase extra lines trace over your lines with the thin marker, then trace around the outermost edges of your shape with the thick marker cover with fresh trace I will do on the board as they do on their page

ISOMETRIC PRACTICE - CIRCLE inscribe circles on each face of the cube 1 – in pencil, lightly divide each face into four equal sections by connecting the opposite edge midpoints 2 – (in marker) draw arcs in each of the four sections, connecting the midpoints of each edge and creating three inscribed circles reaffix cube trace I will do on the board as they do on their page

ISOMETRIC PRACTICE – more complex objects draw one of the shapes in pencil at 1:2 scale you will need to measure the shape pick the appropriate orientation – the one that gives the most detail about the object and its features start with a cube remember – vertical lines, or lines in horizontal planes should be drawn first, then other lines (which may not be true length) can be drawn last to connect appropriate edges trace over your object with your thin marker, then trace around the outermost edges of your object with the thick marker hand out shapes I will walk around and see how they’re doing at the end I will ask who couldn’t fully express their shape with isometric? this will lead into orthographic

did anyone have an object that couldn’t be fully expressed with a single isometric drawing?

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION Isometric Drawing

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION

ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWING – PLANNING what is the minimum number of views required to capture every object feature? often the answer is three, but it could be less or more! what is the best way to lay out these drawings best use of paper, should drawings be scaled up or down? we will be dimensioning drawings, so leave enough space around each view to add dimensions think about the order of inking to avoid smudging

ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWING – LINEWEIGHTS AND STYLES thick continuous line – used for visible edges and outlines thin continuous line – hatching, short center lines, dimensions or projection lines thin dash-dot line – center lines, to identify the center of a circle or a line of symmetry thin dashed line – used for important hidden detail, such a hole in a solid or a wall thickness

ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWING – DIMENSIONING draw as many dimensions as you would need to make the part, no more, no less do not add redundant dimensions, will lead to conflicts with tolerances – if you can deduce a dimension from other displayed dimensions, it is redundant often better to continually measure from one point than measuring from one point to another

ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWING – DIMENSIONING CIRCLES AND RADII dimensioning circles – all dimensions proceeded by Ø – note use of center lines two projected lines from a diameter (least used) internally along the diameter, labeled internally or externally, depending on size if circle is very small, can dimension from outside the circle using an arrow which points towards the center dimensioning radii – all dimensions proceeded by R – should only have one arrowhead, and arrow should pass through circle center can locate the center of the circle with center lines and an arrow with the measurement outside the circle can dimension with an arrow originating from the center without center lines, label at center of circle

ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWING – PAGE LAYOUT all of your drawings should include: title of part your name date of drawing version (if a previous drawing of the part exists) scale (dimensions will always be represented as if the drawing is 1:1, actual size) 1:1 – actual size 2:1 – drawing is twice as big as object 1:2 – drawing is half as big as object a few words about dimensions all measurements are in mm – we’ll do this all measurements are in inches these should be written neatly on the drawing sheet, each item is usually surrounded by a thin box, and the items are generally adjacent – like a table

Time to Draw Take all your drawing materials and move back to Pappalardo.

ORTHOGRAPHIC PRACTICE try drawing your 3D L with the orthographic technique affix real paper with drafting dots

ORTHOGRAPHIC PRACTICE try drawing one of the ten objects with the orthographic technique will need to measure the object can use ruler and pencil at first trace over lines with appropriate marker write scale and other page layout items on your drawing don’t forget to dimension your drawing! affix real paper with drafting dots

HOMEWORK – due Monday draw something from your life at WTP, later you’ll model it in SolidWorks and create the isometric and orthographic drawings from the 3D model – use trace isometric orthographic with dimensions and proper layout examples from other years phones, cameras, etc. fun challenge: try drawing an object or two using only your thin and thick pens, without a ruler, pencil, straightedge or triangle – see how close to isometric you can get freehand – in your design notebook using a pen to sketch is important because you can’t erase. cultivating this skill will teach you to draw only the lines that you really mean to draw. you should never erase your ideas – design is an iterative process, and sketches show the progression of your design – and you may be able to use ideas or elements from earlier designs

ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWING – DIMENSIONING HOLES use the skills from dimensioning everything else diameter symbol as many views as required to fully understand hole center lines and symmetry lines

ORTHOGRAPHIC – SECTIONS often interior features can not be fully described by isometric and orthographic drawings – rather than struggling with hidden lines, a section may be more easy to create and more easy to understand’ imagine slicing the object along a plane don’t forget line weights and centerlines hatch material that is touching the slice plane label orthographic drawing A-A (or B-B) to show where the slice was taken orthographic sections are much more common than isometric sections

How do I bring this to the classroom?????? Use sketching for general design, planning and idea sharing Look and feel Form process Use technical drawing for final details such as assembly or part drawings for fabrication Isometric Orthographic Assembly SKETCHING FORM – where do I place my grabber arm, ballast PROCESS – water sampler, what are the steps, final collaboration what are the steps to recover cargo, sunken ship?