U SING THE COMPUTER IN YOUR RESEARCH Applied English 4 Group A Joshua A Zoe A Jessie A Shelly A Daniel A Peter 5

5A Computers and the research paper Before: Typewriter Now: Word For example: word, excel, PowerPoint.

In some quarters, computer have done away with note cards. In some school, by to traditional submission of hard copy. To whole laborious businesses of research, they offer to full-text databases. Computer Changed

5 B The Internet The Internet: a system of computers connected by a common protocol. The World Wide Web: is part of Internet.

Connected Internet tools 1. Slow connections Modem Telephone Line 2. Fast connection High-speed cable DSL (digital subscriber line)

I NTERNET CHANGED EXPLOSIVELY In 1969, 4 host. In 1996 there were more than 13 million. In 2002, the Internet have more than 800 million users worldwide.

S OME I NTERNET t ERMS FTP: File transfer protocol in Internet HTML: it's a computer language to create website

HTTP: it’s a protocol rule of website ISP: it is a company to offer users to connection Internet Ex: Hinet, Seednet URL: its address on the Internet

U NDERSTANDING I NTERNET A DDRESSES An Internet address or URL consists of three parts: 1. Protocol 2. Name of the host 3. Document path

E XAMPLE Protocol Name of the host document path

5C O NLINE RESOURCES Databases Electronic journals Online public- access catalogs

D ATABASES It ’ s a collection of data that is organized and stored electronically for easy retrieval. Attractive feature - it can be searched in a variety of ways, usually by keyword, author or title.

Expanded Academic ASAP 1,204 periodicals 685 of them in full text

E LECTRONIC JOURNALS They are scholarly journals or magazines that can be accessed via electronic transmission.

They are serial publications that can be accessed by a computer through the World Wide Web or via FTP, gopher, telnet, , or listserv.

Some electronic journals are online- only journals; some are online versions of printed journals. The occasional drawback-limited search function.

O NLINE PUBLIC - ACCESS CATALOG (OPAC S ) It’s a computerized online catalog of the materials held in a library or library system. It’s an important tool in helping users.

O NLINE C OMPUTER L IBRARY C ENTER (OCLC) Nonprofit Membership Computer library service Research organization

5D R ESEARCHING WITH SEARCH ENGINES Search engine: a tool that using specific words via your topic to search the Web. ＊ Most common used search engines: Yahoo!, Google, Alta Vista.

B OOLEAN LOGIC And: engine looks for sources in both two terms you find. Or: engine looks for two or more terms. Not: engine exclude the particular term from what you find.

F INDING a SEARCH ENGINE For searching other, more specified engines for more sources.

Educational search engines The search engines for nonprofit organizations- libraries, schools, government agencies. They usually reserve about scholarly sources.

Useful search engines Manual: search directories and subcategories which have been compiled human. Robotic: like a spider, software crawl the Web and scan the untold number of pages. Metasearch: searches and compiles the top listings of other search engines.

Example: Manual: Yahoo! Robotic: Google Metasearch: Metacrawler

Usenet, listserv, telnet, and gopher ☆ Internet : World Wide Web. → useful for the typical researcher. ☆ Other parts of Internet: → Usenet, listserv, telnet, and gopher. 5e

5e-1 Usenet (User Network) Created in 1979 Electronic bulletin boards Posting a question or message to anyone else with a computer Separate bulletin boards → discussion forums or newsgroups

Deja. Com (an Internet Company) acquired the systematic process → saving and indexing themes of discussions. (1995) Google continued to refine the categories →making them more accessible. (2001 )

Main Categories in the Usenet alt → unmoderated newsgroups biz → business, economy comp → computer misc → discussions that match no other category news → usenet-specific

rec → recreation sci → science soc → society-related talk → controversial discussions about politics and others Cont.

k12 → education for students and teachers Bionet → biology-research bit.listserv → newsgroups from bitnet-mailinglists Clari → commercial stories clarinet → commercial news service gnu → GNU-related discussions of the Free Software Foundation (FSF)

It’s different from the Web ( advantages of Usenet) Presenting information in an format Without graphics (pictures) and sound It’s a goldmine of information, especially on rare or esoteric topic. grappling with difficult topic and could ask for help

Cont. Has it’s own vocabulary A must for beginner are the FAQs(frequently asked questions) Easily to find the typical questions that newcomers ask FAQs also could help you with your netiquette

5e-2 Listservs A software which manages the mailing lists of discussion groups

Listserv service likens to show on which exchanges are done entirely by for students, other sources are more useful than listserv

5e-3 Telnet and gopher Telnet→ a protocol for connecting computers on the Internet Gopher→ an old-fashioned system of searching the Internet.

Now let’s see how to use them