CHAPTER 12 The West and the World, The West Encounters and Transformations Levack/Muir/Veldman/Maas Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

Chapter 12: The West and the World, Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 I. Europeans in Africa II. Europeans in the Americas III. Europeans in Asia IV. The Beginnings of the Global System

Chapter 12: The West and the World, Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 I. Europeans in Africa up to 1500, Europe isolated After 1500, move out A. Sub-Saharan Africa before the Europeans Mali control of gold caravans Timbuktu Mansa (king) Mansa Musa ( ) pilgrimage to Mecca, 1324 decline from 1400 Portuguese Post at Elmina, 1482 Ethiopia Christian Pope sends delegation, , Council of Florence increased contact the Negus 1520's-1530's Muslims invade

Chapter 12: The West and the World, Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 I. Europeans in Africa B. European Coastal Voyages Maghreb: Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia Maritime Technology lateen sails caravels, from 1450 compass astrolabe portolanos New Colonialism Settler colonies e.g. Canaries Jean de Béthencourt Plantation colonies e.g. Cape Verdes, 1460's slave labor C. Portuguese Prince Henry the Navigator ( ) Madeira

Chapter 12: The West and the World, Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 II. Europeans in the Americas A. Pre-Columbian Americas Aztec Empire, Mayas, Toltecs, Montezuma I ( ) Incas Pacacuti Inca Yupanqui ( ) empire from c Cuzco Huayna Capac ( ) Quito

Chapter 12: The West and the World, Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 II. Europeans in the Americas B. Mission Christopher Columbus ( ) four voyages: 1492, 1493, 1498, , Papal Line of Demarcation 1494, Treaty of Tordesillas Amerigo Vespucci ( ) Bartholomew Diaz (c ) Cape of Good Hope Vasco de Gama (c ) , Lisbon to India Ferdinand Magellan (c ) , circumnavigation C. The Fall of the Aztec and Incan Empires Conquistadores Requerimiento The Conquest of Mexico Hernán Cortés ( ) by 1522, New Spain established Peru Francisco Pizarro (c ) Vasco Núñez de Balboa ( ) 1533, executes Atahualpa D. Spanish America Mestizos Encomienda system Haciendas

Chapter 12: The West and the World, Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 II. Europeans in the Americas E. Portuguese Brazil 1500, Pedro Cabral claims Brazil 1532, Portuguese plans to exploit Brazil sugar 1575, trading post in Angola export slaves F. North America cod fisheries John Cabot (c.1450-c.1498) 1497, lands in North America Northwest Passage Giovanni da Verrazano (c ) 1524, sent by French explores North American coast Jacques Cartier ( ) 1534, St. Lawrence River 1616, William Baffin no Northwest Passage John Hawkins, Francis Drake (c )

Chapter 12: The West and the World, Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 III. Europeans in Asia Asia Before the European Empires Ming China ( ) The Trading Post Empires Vasco da Gama, Portuguese Trading posts factors, factories Missionary activities

Chapter 12: The West and the World, Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 IV. The Beginnings of the Global System A. The Columbian Exchange Slave trade Biological Exchanges smallpox, typhus, measles, scarlet fever, chicken pox, (syphilis?) tobacco, cocoa, paprika, pumpkins, beans, corn, potatoes B. Attitude Utopian innocents or savages? Bartolomeo de Las Casas ( ) The Brief Relation of the Destruction of the West Indies, 1542 Peter Martyr D'Anghiera ( ) Michel de Montaigne ( ) C. Global Economy