Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) 2009 ScotStat Public Body Analyst Network Andrew White and Matt Perkins Office of the Chief Statistician 30 th June 2010

SIMD 2009 Background to SIMD Points to watch Results / Findings Using SIMD and the SIMD website Background data Interactive mapping An example Future developments

What is the SIMD? The Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation identifies small area concentrations of multiple deprivation across all of Scotland Relative measure ranking the 6,505 datazones in Scotland from 1 being most deprived to 6,505 being the least deprived

What are datazones? Statistical geography Criteria – Population size – Existing boundaries – Compactness of shape 6,505 datazones in Scotland; Average population of 750 people Don’t have names – use codes instead (e.g. S )

What is the SIMD? The Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation identifies small area concentrations of multiple deprivation across all of Scotland Relative measure ranking the 6,505 datazones in Scotland from 1 being most deprived to 6,505 being the least deprived Analysis often focuses on the 15% most deprived (i.e. the datazones ranked 1 to 976) Uses include –Allocation of Fairer Scotland Fund –Targeting of resources by Local Authorities

SIMD 2009 Update to SIMD 2006 (and SIMD 2004) Minimises change since SIMD 2006 to ensure comparability 38 indicators across 7 aspects of deprivation (domains) Same domains as in SIMD 2006 Some changes to indicators Mostly 2007 / 2008 data

What is in the SIMD 2009? (1) Domains based on counts of people –Income domain % of population income deprived Now includes tax credit data –Employment domain % of population employment deprived No change from 2004 or 2006 –Crime domain SIMD crimes – not all crimes –Housing domain Still using 2001 census data

Domains constructed using ‘factor analysis’ –Education domain –Health domain –Access domain Drive time sub-domain – GP, petrol station, post office, shopping facilities, primary school, secondary school Public transport sub-domain – GP, post office, shopping facilities What is in the SIMD 2009? (2)

Employment Deprivation Domain Based on benefits data (2008) –Unemployment Claimant Count 12 month average –Incapacity Benefit recipients Working age –Severe Disablement Allowance Working age –Compulsory New Deal Participants No change to 2004 indicators for 2006 or 2009 Datazone SAPE –Working age population

Income Deprivation Domain Not measuring income Based on benefits data (2008 and 2007) –Income support adults and children –Guarantee Pension Credit adults –Job Seekers Allowance adults and children 2004 used WFTC and DTC data 2009 – WTC and CTC (2006 data) Datazone SAPE –Total population

Housing Deprivation Domain Census data –No change since SIMD 2004 –Persons in households which are overcrowded –Persons in households without central heating Census populations –Total population No new indicators identified

Crime Domain Relevant to Neighbourhood Deprivation ‘SIMD crime’ not ‘Total Crime’ –Crimes of violence –Drug Offences –Domestic Housebreaking –Minor Assault –Vandalism Does not include crimes in/near police station First included in 2006 Total populations – rate per 10,000 Move to financial year for SIMD 2009

Health Deprivation Domain Indicators used: –Standardised Mortality Ratio* –Hospital Episodes related to alcohol use* –Hospital Episodes related to drug use* –Comparative Illness Factor* –Emergency Admissions to Hospital* –Proportion of population being prescribed drugs for anxiety, depression or psychosis –Proportion of live singleton births of low birth weight *Age – Sex Standardisation Methodological changes since 2004 –Removal of Shrinkage Minor changes for 2009 Normalised and combined using factor analysis

Education Deprivation Domain Indicators –School pupil absences –Pupil Performance on SQA at Stage 4 –Working age people with no qualifications –17-21 year olds enrolling into HE –People aged not in full time education, employment or training NEET indicator change for 2009 Populations relevant to indicator Combined using factor analysis

Access to Services Domain (indicators) Drive Times –GP –Shopping facilities (Supermarket in 2004) –Petrol Station –Primary and Secondary Schools (Primary only in 2004) –Post Office Public Transport (Not included in SIMD 2004) –GP –Shopping Facilities –Post Office

How is the SIMD constructed? Combine the rankings in each domain using the weightings: –Income 28% –Employment 28% –Health 14% –Education 14% –Access 9% –Crime 5% –Housing 2%

Points to Watch

Points to watch The Index is relative i.e. shows an area is more or less deprived than another one but not how much more or less deprived. There will always be 976 datazones in the 15% most deprived – if a datazone moves out another will move in. The least deprived area is not the most affluent, it just lacks deprivation e.g. in the income domain there is a lack of benefit claimants. Not everyone living in a deprived area is deprived, and not all deprived people live in the most deprived areas.

More points to watch Data from 2007 and 2008 means the recent economic downturn not picked up but it is unlikely to have a large effect on the relative differences across Scotland. Changes to methodology so care is needed when comparing over time e.g. crime domain, tax credit data. No datazones in the 15% most deprived does not mean no deprivation, just no concentrations of multiple deprivation Index identifies deprived datazones in both urban and rural areas - just fewer concentrations of multiple deprivation and more mixed populations.

Results / Findings

Headline findings Improvements in Glasgow

Change in Glasgow

Headline findings Improvements in Glasgow Concentrations of multiple deprivation becoming more spread out geographically Concentrations of deprivation in most deprived datazones reduced slightly 101 datazones moved into 15% MD and 101 moved out - Movement between 10-15% and 15-20% bands. 4 in 5 datazones that moved out between 04 and 06 stayed out. 4 in 5 datazones in 15% in SIMD 09 have been in on both SIMD 04 and SIMD 06

Most deprived datazone S East end of Glasgow. Ranked 62 in SIMD 2006 DZ ranked 1 in SIMD 2006 now ranked 2

SIMD 2009 – National Share (part 1) *The national share is the number/percentage of datazones in the (e.g.)15% most deprived in Scotland that fall in each Local Authority

SIMD 2009 – National Share (part 2) *The national share is the number/percentage of datazones in the (e.g.) 15% most deprived in Scotland that fall in each Local Authority

SIMD 2009 – National Share (part 3) *The national share is the number/percentage of datazones in the (e.g.) 15% most deprived in Scotland that fall in each Local Authority

SIMD 2009 – Local Share (part 1) *The local share is the percentage of datazones within a Local Authority that fall within the (e.g.) 15% most deprived in Scotland

SIMD 2009 – Local Share (part 2) *The local share is the percentage of datazones within a Local Authority that fall within the (e.g.) 15% most deprived in Scotland

SIMD 2009 – Local Share (part 3) *The local share is the percentage of datazones within a Local Authority that fall within the (e.g.) 15% most deprived in Scotland

Using SIMD and the SIMD website

Background data – Education domain

Pre-prepared charts (Dundee City)

An example for Dumfries & Galloway

Box plots showing distribution of D&G datazones

Some things to consider Aims of analysis – the SIMD is A measure of deprivation Overall index vs domains vs indicators SIMD methodology Age / time period of data Population

Combining SIMD with other data

Disability living allowance by SIMD 2009 quintile

Educational Qualifications 2007 by SIMD vigintile

Hospital admissions related to alcohol misuse per 100,000 Population

Future developments Guidance and examples of change over time analysis at LA level Relative vs Absolute change National Performance Framework and Local Outcome Indicators Annual updates to indicators and domains

ANY QUESTIONS? Contacts: Andrew White Tel: Neighbourhood Statistics (SNS & SIMD) Tel: