McGraw-Hill/Irwin © The McGraw-Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved BUSINESS PLUG-IN B17 Organizational Architecture Trends

B17-2 LEARNING OUTCOMES 1.Describe the business value in deploying a service oriented architecture 2.Explain the need for interoperability and loose coupling in building today’s IT systems

B17-3 LEARNING OUTCOMES 3.Identify the logical functions used in a virtualized environment 4.Explain the business benefits of grid computing

B17-4 ARCHITECTURE TRENDS Organizations today must continually watch new architecture trends to ensure they can keep up with new and disruptive technologies Three architecture trends that are quickly becoming requirements for all businesses including: 1.Service oriented architecture 2.Virtualization 3.Grid computing

B17-5 SERVICE ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE Service oriented architecture (SOA) is a business-driven IT architectural approach that supports integrating a business as linked, repeatable tasks or services SOA ensures IT systems can adapt quickly, easily, and economically to support rapidly changing business needs

B17-6 SERVICE ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE

B17-7 SOA Business Benefits The key technical concepts of SOA are: –Services –Interoperability –Loose coupling

B17-8 SOA Business Benefits

B17-9 Service Service oriented architecture begins with a service (A SOA) service - can be a business task, such as checking a potential customer's credit rating only opening a new account Services are “like” software products

B17-10 Service

B17-11 Interoperability Interoperability - is the capability of two or more computer systems to share data and resources, even though they are made by different manufacturers Web service - contains a repertoire of Web-based data and procedural resources that use shared protocols and standards permitting different applications to share data and services Extensible Markup Language (XML) - a markup language for documents containing structured information

B17-12 Loose Coupling Loose coupling - is the capability of services to be joined together on demand to create composite services, or disassembled just as easily into their functional components Loose coupling is a way of ensuring that the technical details are decoupled from the service

B17-13 VIRTUALIZATION Virtualization - is a framework of dividing the resources of a computer into multiple execution environments It is a way of increasing physical resources to maximize the investment in hardware

B17-14 VIRTUALIZATION

B17-15 What are Virtual Machines? System virtualization - is the ability to present the resources of a single computer as if it is a collection of separate computers ("virtual machines") Each with its own virtual CPUs, network interfaces, storage, and operating system

B17-16 What are Virtual Machines?

B17-17 Virtualization Business Benefits Trends that have moved virtualization into the spotlight: –Hardware being underutilized –Data centers running out of space –Increased energy costs –System administration costs mounting

B17-18 Additional Virtualization Benefits Rapid application deployment Dynamic load balancing Streamlined disaster recovery

B17-19 GRID COMPUTING Grid computing - is an aggregation of geographically dispersed computing, storage, and network resources, coordinated to deliver improved performance, higher quality of service, better utilization, and easier access to data

B17-20 GRID COMPUTING

B17-21 Grid Computing Business Benefits Improving productivity and collaboration of virtual organizations and respective computing and data resources Allowing widely dispersed departments and businesses to create virtual organizations to share data and resources Building robust and infinitely flexible and resilient operational architectures

B17-22 Grid Computing Business Benefit Providing instantaneous access to massive computing and data resources Leveraging existing capital investments, which in turn help to ensure optimal utilization and costs of computing capabilities

B17-23 Grid Computing Business Benefits

B17-24 CLOSING CASE ONE The US Open Supports SOA 1.Review the five characteristics of infrastructure architecture and rank them in order of their potential impact on the USOpen.org 2.What are the USTA security concerns regarding interoperability between the tournament database and its website? 3.How could the USTA benefit from virtualization?

B17-25 CLOSING CASE ONE The US Open Supports SOA 4.Identify the value of integrating the tournaments information with the USTA website USOpen.org? 5.Explain why a sudden surge in server utilization during the middle of the US Open could spell disaster for the USTA 6.Why is loose coupling a critical business component to the USTA architecture?

B17-26 CLOSING CASE TWO eBay’s Grid 1.Review the five characteristics of infrastructure architecture and rank them in order of their potential impact on eBay’s business 2.What are the business benefits that eBay enjoys thanks to grid computing? 3.What precautions would eBay take to ensure 100 percent security?

B17-27 CLOSING CASE TWO eBay’s Grid 4.How can eBay take advantage of implementing SOA? 5.Explain how eBay uses fault tolerance 6.Describe the potential value of eBay using virtualization 7.What ethical and security concerns should eBay be aware of to ensure its business operates properly?