EOC Review - Part II Cell Organelles & their functions;

Cell Membrane (also called Plasma Membrane) All cells have one! Is the outer most membrane of cell It defines the boundary of the cell Controls the ______________ of substances into and out of the cell. Formed of a double layer of _______________ molecules with embedded proteins movement phospholipid

Membrane Structure - The __________________ model membranes are fluids with a mosaic of proteins embedded within the membrane. _____________________ – form the basic structure of the membrane contain glycerol, two fatty acids, and a phosphate group. The phosphate group is polar (hydrophilic), enabling it to interact with water.hydrophilic The fatty acid tails are nonpolar (hydrophobic) and do not interact with water.hydrophobic Cell Membrane Section 7.2 Fluid-mosaic phospholipids

Cell Wall Only found in ______ cells and prokaryotic Cells (the bacteria) Supports, gives shape to, & ___________ cell plant protects

Nucleus Is usually a large central structure. Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane Contains genetic material – _________ Directs all cell ________ DNA activity

Chromosomes Found in the _________ Composed of _______ Contain instructions for inherited traits & characteristics nucleus DNA

Cytoplasm Gel-like mixture/substance ____________ the cell. Contains nutrients and chemicals for cell activities; many metabolic activities take place in the cytoplasm. inside

Endoplasmic Reticulum ___________ materials around in the cell Smooth type: lacks ribosomes Rough type (pictured): have ribosomes embedded in surface transports

Ribosomes Make __________ (protein synthesis) Found on the _________ _____________________ & also freely floating throughout the cell proteins endoplasmic reticulum rough

Mitochondria Produces energy in the form of - through cellular respiration in the mitochondria. ________ is the main energy source that cells use for most of their work ATP = Adenosine triphosphate. ATP

Golgi Apparatus (Body) __________ and transports chemical products made in the cell to their next destinations stores

Lysosome Contain digestive __________ to help destroy harmful bacteria and rid the cell of damaged organelles enzymes

Vacuoles Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal They are small in _________cells; In plant cells, the vacuole is ___________ and fills most of the cell. animal large

Chloroplast Only found in ________ cells Contains the green pigment ___________ The place in a plant cell where ______________ takes place (changes light energy to energy that can be used by the organism.) plant Chlorophyll photosynthesis

Flagella and Cilia Specialized structures that project from the cell used in _____________. Found mainly in unicellular organisms.) movement