Shelter meetingICRC/OP_ASSIST_EH Shelter meeting, Geneva Site planning – The block approach Jean Vergain

Shelter meetingICRC/OP_ASSIST_EH Health pyramid FoodFood NutritionNutrition EnvironmentalEnvironmental healthhealth WaterWater WasteWaste EnergyEnergy HousingHousing Public healthPublic health ImmunizationImmunization Health educationHealth education Care MedicalMedical SurgerySurgery

Shelter meetingICRC/OP_ASSIST_EH Health pyramid FoodNutrition Public health ImmunizationImmunization Health educationHealth education Care MedicalMedical SurgerySurgery

Shelter meetingICRC/OP_ASSIST_EH Concept of interaction between population and environment PopulationPopulationEnvironmentEnvironment Human waste Garbage Liquid waste WaterEnergy Materials / Housing Vectors

Shelter meetingICRC/OP_ASSIST_EH PopulationPopulation Example of vicious circle in the relations between population and environment Increased incidence of diseases diarrheal diseases within the population Increased incidence of diseases diarrheal diseases within the population Inadequate disposal of human waste leads to increased contamination of the environment and an increased number of disease vectors Inadequate disposal of human waste leads to increased contamination of the environment and an increased number of disease vectors Human waste Increased risk of transmitting germs

Shelter meetingICRC/OP_ASSIST_EH University Hospitals of Geneva needs per day in 2001 ( )  2'187 beds  1'950'000 liters = 195 water trucks (10 m 3 )  125'000 KwH  7'700 meals (included visitors) Annual budget = 1'200 mio CHF ICRC budget = 830 mio CHF

Shelter meetingICRC/OP_ASSIST_EH Daily needs for 10'000 displaced people Food : 5'500 kg Water : 200'000 liters 100 consultation 1 hospitalization

Shelter meetingICRC/OP_ASSIST_EH Choice of a site PopulationPopulation Allocate a large area Drainage Liquid waste Rain water Wind Waste Access to: Food Water Energy Access to communication routes Security

Shelter meetingICRC/OP_ASSIST_EH Choice of a site  Adequate water available all year  Space sufficient (45 m 2 /person when possible)  Adequate drainage (avoid flat and marshy ground)  No major environmental health hazard (high winds, extremes of weather or risks of flooding)  Fairly easy access to road and other communications, and to supplies of food, cooking fuel and shelter materials  Vegetation provides shade and soil conditions permit water infiltration and possibilities for vegetable gardening  Good security and little possibility of the population being affected by hostilities, or coming into conflict with local residents

Shelter meetingICRC/OP_ASSIST_EH Social behaviour  Camp situation  Existing social disruption  Large concentration of population  Large demand for water  Contamination of existing water sources  Fight for water  Resident population  Social rules linked to water  Traditional beliefs  Water rights

Shelter meetingICRC/OP_ASSIST_EH Number of refugees : 20'000 Family size : 7 Number of users per latrine : 50 Maxmium distance to the latrine : 50m Slope : 5% Surface per person : 30m2  Camp dimension : 600 x 1000 m Site planning (1)Road = 100 m x 100 m = 100 m x 100 m Slope 5% 600m1000m River

Shelter meetingICRC/OP_ASSIST_EH Site planning (2) = 100 m x 100 m Total surface area for a camp 30 m 2 /person = 350 persons Total surface area for a camp 30 m 2 /person = 350 persons RiverRoad Slope 5% 600m 1000m

Shelter meetingICRC/OP_ASSIST_EH Site planning (3) 1. = 100 m x 100 m m 2 /person = 350 persons 3. Total for the camp : 60 20'000 pers. / 350 : 57 3 For administration and hospital : 4. Distance between blocks : 30m 100m

Shelter meetingICRC/OP_ASSIST_EH Site planning (4) 5. 5 m 20 m 5 m 70 m 6. 8 X 6 = 48 families 7m x 10m per family 10 m 2 per person 7pers x 6plots x 8groups x 57blocs = persons 10 m 7 m

Shelter meetingICRC/OP_ASSIST_EH Site planning (5) RiverRoad Slope 5% 600m 1000m Warehouse Hospital Water facility Administration

Shelter meetingICRC/OP_ASSIST_EH Abshok camp in Darfur, Sudan 60'000 IDPs

Shelter meetingICRC/OP_ASSIST_EH