By: Kaulyn Loe February 24, th period

Manifest Destiny John L. O’Sullivan created the slogan “Manifest Destiny” in Manifest Destiny is the belief that it was the fate of the United States to control North America from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean.

Oregon Country Oregon country is a huge area of land between the Rocky Mountains and Pacific Ocean. Oregon, Washington, Idaho, and parts of Montana and Wyoming were created from Oregon Country.

Oregon Country (cont.) America gained control of it from the Adams-Onís Treaty with Spain. After that, only Great Britain remained to fight the U.S. for the land. The Oregon Trail was 2,000 miles long and stared in the Mississippi Valley. The trail crossed the Great Plains, Rocky Mountains, Mississippi River, Columbia River, and Snake River. The slogan “Fifty-Four Forty or Fight!” refer to the line of latitude that Americans believed to be the border of Oregon Country.

Texas Texans won their independence from Mexico and asked to be admitted to the United States. The conflict over Texas started in 1835 when Stephen F. Austin organized the “Old Three Hundred", the first colony in Texas. In 1830, the Mexican government issued a decree that stopped American immigration to Texas and discouraged trade. This angered the Americans.

Texas (cont.) Santa Anna became President of Mexico in The Alamo was a Mexican mission in San Antonio, Texas. In March,1836, Texans were held under siege for 12 days by the Mexican army before they fought on March 6. Santa Anna Alamo

Texas (cont.) Texas declared its independence on March 2,1836, at Washington-on-the-Brazos. Sam Houston was named commander in chief of the Texas forces after it (Texas) declared its independence. Sam Houston

Battle of San Jacinto The battle of San Jacinto took place on April 21, The battle cry was “Remember the Alamo!” 600 Mexican soldiers were killed and 700 more were captured. At the end of the battle, Santa Anna signed a treaty that recognized Texas as an independent country. This is the San Jacinto monument.

Battle of San Jacinto (cont.) Andrew Jackson refused to annex Texas because the addition of a slave state would upset the balance of slave states and free states. Texas became a state December 29, 1845, during the Presidency of James K. Polk. This is James K. Polk, our 11 th President.

War with Mexico Several states were created from the New Mexico Territory: present-day New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, and parts of Colorado and Wyoming. The Santa Fe Trail was a trade route from Independence, Missouri to the New Mexico Territory. It crossed the prairies, the Arkansas River, and the Rocky Mountains.

War with Mexico (cont.) The trade increase with New Mexico led to more Americans settling in the region. Many people saw New Mexico and California as territory worth acquiring. The settling of Spanish explorers and missionaries influenced the Californian culture. John C. Fre’mont described California’s climate as mild.

War with Mexico (cont.) Americans said that extending the United States to the Pacific Ocean would be beneficial because then, the United States would be bordered by water instead of a foreign power. The United States argued that the border of Texas was the Rio Grande, but Mexico said that the border was the Nueces River. Polk declared an emergency cabinet meeting to declare war on Mexico.

War with Mexico (cont.) Frederick Douglass called the war “disgraceful” and “cruel.” He believed that if the United States expanded to the west, slavery would expand also. The flag of the Republic of California showed a bear and a star on a white background. Polk sent General Winfield Scott to capture Mexico City. The Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo ended the Mexican War in 1848.

War with Mexico (cont.) The border of Texas is the Rio Grande. California and New Mexico were both created from land we acquired from Mexico. In 1853, we bought the Gadsden Purchase from Mexico for $10 million. Arizona and New Mexico were created from the land bought in the Gadsden Purchase. Arizona New Mexico

Gold Rush The gold rush started in 1848, in California. People who came in 1849 were called “forty-niners.” To get to California had to cross the Sierra Nevada mountain range.

Gold Rush (cont.) Forty-niners came from America, Mexico, South America, Europe, Australia, and China. A boomtown is a community experiencing a sudden growth in business or people. San Francisco grew from a small village to a town of about 20,000 people during the gold rush. Levi Strauss was a Jewish immigrant he created jeans.

Religious Refuge in Utah Utah provided refuge for Mormons. Joseph Smith founded the Mormon church, but he was killed by a mob in Brigham Young took over after Smith’s death. The Mormons settled near the Great Salt Lake in Utah became a state in Joseph Smith Brigham Young

Causes and Effects of Westward Movement Causes: Americans accept Manifest Destiny As the East becomes more crowded, Americans want more land. West contains furs, lumber, and precious metals.

Causes and Effects of Westward Movement (cont.) Effects: Native Americans are forced off their lands. United States wars with Mexico. United States expands from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. vs.

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