The 1920s

Red Scare A nationwide fear that Communists might seize power in the Untied States. Part II and III on y our own.

Palmer Raids A. Mitchell Palmer, the Attorney General of the US organized a series of raids on the headquarters of various radical organizations.

Sacco and Vanzetti Two immigrants arrested for murder. Sacco and Vanzetti were anarchists, and though their was virtually no evidence against them, they were found guilty and executed.

Warren G. Harding/ Return to Normalcy U.S. Senator who won the presidency in Used the campaign slogan “return to normalcy” This referred to the desire of many Americans to return to a “normal” life after the turbulence of the Progressive Era and WWI.

Teapot Dome Scandal Harding’s secretary of the interior, Albert B. Fall secretly allowed private interests to lease lands containing U.S. navy oil reserves at Teapot Dome, Wyoming and Elk Hills, CA. In return, Fall received bribes. This scandal, along with others destroyed the reputation of the Harding administration.

Quota System Response to growing nativism in the United States. Emergency Quota Act of 1921: stated that only 3 % of the total number of people in any ethnic group (based on the 1910 census) could be admitted in a single year. National Origins Act of 1924: made immigration restriction permanent, and set quotas at 2 % (based on the 1890 census). This created discrimination against immigrants from southern and eastern Europe. Part II and III on your own.

Henry Ford Transformed the automobile industry by adapting the assembly line to make cars more efficiently. The assembly line divided operations into simple tasks. This made it cheaper and easier to make automobiles. Ford also increased wages and decreased working hours.

18 th Amendment Prohibited the production, sale, or transportation of alcoholic beverages in the United States. The Volstead Act was passed to help enforce the 18 th amendment. Repealed by the 21 st Amendment. Part II and III on your own.

Scopes Trial A court case that reflected the fight over evolution and the role of science and religion in public schools and in American society. In 1925, John T. Scopes, broke a law called the Butler Act by teaching about evolution in his high school biology class. He was arrested and put on trial. Part II and III on your own.

Flapper Young, dramatic, stylish and unconventional woman who personified women’s changing behavior in the 1920s. Flappers drank, smoked, danced, and dressed in revealing attire.

Babe Ruth National baseball hero, famous for hitting hundreds of home runs.

Charles Lindbergh The first pilot to fly solo and non-stop across the Atlantic Ocean. Flew in his plan The Spirit of St. Louis.

Great Migration Mass migration of African Americans from the rural south to industrial cities in the north. African-Americans moved north to escape the segregated society of the south, find economic opportunities, and to build better lives.

Harlem Renaissance Literary and artistic celebration of African- American culture that began in the NYC neighborhood of Harlem.

Marcus Garvey A black leader from Jamaica who called for “Negro Nationalism” which glorified the black culture and traditions of the past. He founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association, and promoted gaining economic opportunity through education. Also advocated separation and independence from whites.

Dawes Plan A treaty meant to help European countries with war debts. Essentially, American banks would make loans to Germany, which would allow them to make their reparation payments to Britain and France. That allowed Britain and France to pay the Untied States more of their war debts.

Washington Naval Disarmament Conference Conference in Washington D.C. to discuss global disarmament.

Kellogg-Briand Pact Treaty signed by 62 nations outlawing war. The pact had no binding force.