Male Reproductive Tract Anatomy & Physiology By Erma Safitri Male Reproductive Tract Anatomy & Physiology

Learning Objectives To be able to describe the male reproductive system in the bull. Structure Function

STRUCTURE : MAIN GENITAL ORGAN : GONAD / TESTES TRACTUS REPRODUCTION : EPIDIDYMIS, VAS DEFERENS, AMPULA & URETHRA ACCESORIES GLANDS : VESCICULARIS, PROSTATA & BULBO URETHRALIS (COWPER) OUTER GENITALIA ORGAN : PENIS, PREPUTIUM & SCROTUM

Components Scrotum Testes Duct system Penis Accessory glands

TESTES DIFFERENT BETWEEN SPECIES : PACKED IN SCROTUM SAC MEASUREMENT FORM LOCATION PACKED IN SCROTUM SAC PACKED BY SHINE WHITE CAPSULE : TUNICA ALBUGINEA THE GLANDS  TUBULUS FORMED

Warehouse and Delivery Testis Epididymis Factory 1-25 X 109 sperm/day “Plant” must be air conditioned Finishing School Fluid Absorption 8-25 X 109 sperm membrane changes nuclear & flagellar stabilization motility, fertility cytoplasmic droplet translocation Penis Delivery System Erection Protrusion Ejaculation Tail of Epididymis Warehouse and Delivery Storage 10-50 X 109 sperm Sperm for 5-10 ejaculates Smooth muscle contractions upon sexual stimulation Accessory Sex Glands Alterations & Packaging Metabolic substrates Surface coatings Transport for sperm

Bull Reproductive Tract

EPIDIDYMIS CONSIST OF : CAPUT, CORPUS & CAUDA THE WALL : CIRCULAR MUSCLE MEMBRANE

Epididymis Structure Caput Epididymis Corpus Epididymis Cauda Epididymis

DUCTUS DEFERENS CONNECTED : EPIDIDIMIS - URETHRA FUNICULUS SPERMATICUS/ CORDA SPERMATICA Vas Deferens Limfe Blood Vessel Nervous AMPULA DUCTUS DEFERENS BULL, STALLION, RAM, GOAT : + DOG & CAT : - BOAR : SMALL COLLICULUS SEMINALIS : ORRIFICIUM

Vas Deferens Structure COLLICULUS SEMINALIS AMPULA DUCTUS DEFERENS CANALIS INGUINALIS FUNICULUS SPERMATICUS Vas Deferens Limfe Blood Vessel Nervous

(within the mediastinum) Spermatic Cord/ Feniculus Spermaticus Testes Structure Vas Deferens Caput Epididymis Vasectomy Vas Efferentia 6-12 tubules Seminiferous Tubule Corpus Epididymis Tunica Albuginea Rete Testis (within the mediastinum) Cauda Epididymis

Spermatic Chord Pampiniform Plexus Vascular, lymphatic and nerves Heat exchanger Houses cremaster muscle Testicular Artery Pampiniform Plexus Counter Current Exchange 39°C - 34°C 70 ng T/ml - 4.8 ng T/ml

Parietal Tunica Vaginalis Spermatic Chord Vas Deferens Cremaster Muscle Pampiniform Plexus Parietal Tunica Vaginalis

Bull Testis Tunica Vaginalis parietal visceral Tunica Albuginea

Structure of the Testis Seminiferous Tubule Tunica Albuginea Rete Testis (within the mediastinum)

Bull Tract Longitudinal Section Cross Section

Scrotal Cross Section testicular parenchyma mediastinum

Scrotal Cross Section

Testis Testicular Parenchyma Mediastinum

Mediastinum Rete Testis Seminiferous Tubule The Testis

ASCECORIES GLANDS VESICULA SEMINALIS/ VESICULARIS PROSTATA COWPER/BULBOURETHRALIS

Bull Tract Pelvic Genitalia

Pelvic Genitalia of the Bull Pelvic Urethra Muscle

URETHRA CONSIST OF : PELVIS DEPT : DUCTUS SILINDRIC  PELVIC FLUOR DUCTUS EKSRETORIS  URINE & SEMEN CONSIST OF : PELVIS DEPT : DUCTUS SILINDRIC  PELVIC FLUOR URETHRAE DEPT: CURVE SERROUNDING OF ARCUS ISCHIADICUS PENIS DEPT

Bull Tract Pelvic Dept Penis Dept Urethrae Dept

PENIS PENIS  URINE & SEMEN PENIS  CRUZ, CORPUS & GLANS

Glans Penis

Glans Penis

PENIS * DORSAL : CORPUS CAVERNOSUM * VENTRAL : CORPUS SPONGIOSUM URETHRAE * DORSAL-VENTRAL JOINED IN GLANS PENIS  CORPUS FIBROSUM

Cross Section of Bull Penis

Penis Cross Section Corpus Cavernosum Urethra Corpus Spongiosum

PENIS TYPES 1. FIBROELASTIS  Flexura Sigmoidea EX : BULL, BOAR, RAM, GOAT, BUFFALO 2. VASKULER EX : STALLION, ELEPHANT, PRIMATE

Reproductive Organs of the Bull Prostate Reproductive Organs of the Bull Rectum Cowpers Gland Seminal Vesicles Ampulla Bladder Retractor Penis Muscle Vas Deferens Sigmoid Flexure Glans Penis Caput Epididymis Scrotum Testis Cauda Epididymis Gubernaculum

PENIS VASCULARITATION : a. interna-externa pudendal & a. obturator INERVATION : Plexus Pelvicus, Pudenda & hemoroidalis Nervous

Arterial Supply

PREPUTIUM & CAUDAL PENIS IN ERECTION SKIN COVERING FREE PENIS NOT ERECTION & CAUDAL PENIS IN ERECTION MUKOUS LIQUID SECRETION + LIPID + BACTERIA FROM EPITEL WALL GLAND PREPUTIUM  SMEGMA PREPUTII

MALE GENITALIA PHYSIOLOGY TESTES : REPRODUCTIF FUNCTION SPERMATOZOA PRODUCE  TUBULUS SEMINIFERUS ENDOKRINOLOGY FUNCTION MALE HORMONE PRODUCE/ ANDROGEN SPERMATOGENESIS SPERMATOCYTOGENESIS SPERMIOGENESIS

MEKANISME HORMONAL HT – HP - TESTIS HIPOTHALAMUS GnRH HIPOFISIS ANTERIOR FSH LH TESTIS TESTOSTERON INHIBIN SEL LEYDIG SEL SERTOLI SPERMATOGONIA ABP MEKANISME HORMONAL HT – HP - TESTIS

EPIDIDYMIS FUNCTION : TRANSPORTATION KONSENTRATION MATURATION STORAGE

SKROTUM FUNCTION 1. SHOCK REDUCE SMOOTH MUSCLE FIBROSA MEMBRANE SKIN 2. THERMOREGULATOR EKSTERNA ET INTERNA CREMASTER MUSC TUNICA DARTOS A TESTIKULER & PLEXUS VENOUS PAMPINIFORMOS POSISITON IN FUNICULUS SPERMATIKUS

Thermosensor Radiator Protective sac Scrotum Tunica Dartos

Contraction of the Tunica Dartos Testis Tunica Dartos Smooth muscle Androgen dependent (Testosterone)

VAS DEFERENS TRANSPOR SPZ FROM CAUDA EPIDIDIMIS TO URETHRAE AFTER CAPUT EPIDIDYMIS  JOINED BLOOD VESSEL, LIMFE & NERVES => FUNICULUS SPERMATICUS AMPULA DUCTUS DEFERENS

ASCESORIS GLANDS VESIKULARIS - 50% VOL BULL EJAKULAT - pH 5,7-6,2 COWPER & PROSTATA - URINE NETRALISATION - pH 7,5-8,2

URETHRAE DUCTUS UROGENITALIS  URINE & SEMEN COLLICULUS SEMINALIS : Corpus cavernosus Vesica urinaria covering at ejakulation Preventif semen entering in vesica urinaria

EJAKULATION MECHANISME LIBIDO ↑ HIGH SPERM KONSENTRATION & NON MOTIL FROM AMPULA SECRETION FROM VESICULARIS & PROSTATA GLANDS COWPER SECRETION  URETHRAE CLEANSER COLLICULUS SEMINALIS COVERED URETHRAE BASE WALL  SUDDENLY CONTRACTION SEMEN SECRETION SPRAY

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