Basic Electricity and Electronics

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Presentation transcript:

Basic Electricity and Electronics Module One Basic Electricity Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Basic Electricity Basic electricity and electronics starts with electrons Electrons are one of the three fundamental particles Electrons move to create electrical work Electronics is the study and use of systems that control the movement of electrons Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Electrons and Charge How do we make electrons move? Electrons have a charge Like charges repel, unlike charges attract These forces make electrons move F + - I made this drawing from scratch. One other key concept you may want to introduce is that a magnetic field also produces a force that can make electrons move. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Where do we get charge? Charge is a fundamental property of nature Electrons and protons have a charge Electron charge is negative Proton charge is positive http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Camposcargas.PNG Camposcargas.PNG Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. The Atom The fundamental building block of all matter Made of protons, neutrons, and electrons The type of element is determined by the number of protons in the nucleus Freudenrich, Ph.D., Craig. "How Atoms Work." 01 February 2001. HowStuffWorks.com. <http://www.howstuffworks.com/atom.htm> 18 March 2010. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Voltage and Charge Voltage is a measurement of force created by a buildup of charge Atoms are usually neutral because they have the same number of protons and electrons Charge builds up when electrons are separated from the atom Charge creates physical forces It takes some type of physical force to separate the charges in the first place (in a generator, mechanical energy goes in, electrical energy comes out). The original energy is in the wrong form in the wrong place We end up with the right kind of energy where we want to use it Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Voltage and Current Voltage is the force created by a buildup of charge Also called a potential difference Voltage can make electrons move Electron movement is called current flow Current flow does the work in an electric circuit Voltage is an energy source energy can come from friction, pressure, light, or heat, but the most common ways of building up charge involve chemical action or electromagnetism Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

Common Electrical Units The unit of charge is the COULOMB Charge has the symbol Q, abbreviation C The unit of voltage is the VOLT The symbol is V, the abbreviation is V The unit of current is the AMP Current uses the symbol I, abbreviation A The unit of resistance is the OHM Resistance has the symbol W, abbreviation R Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Why use Electricity? A good power source Easy to create Easy to control Efficient to transmit Easy to measure Makes everything work – our way of life depends on it Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. An electric circuit must have a complete path from one side of a power supply (+V) to the other (-V) Voltage across a resistor creates current Voltage, current, and resistance follow a rule known as Ohm’s Law I = Current equals voltage divided by resistance V R Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

Water vs Electrical Analogy A Simple Circuit The dark lines are wires Negative and positive voltages are relative to ground. When ground is placed at the most negative point, then every other voltage relative to ground will be positive. Voltage is measured across the battery or load, current flows through devices (inside wires). Ideally, this circuit should have a control device (switch) and a protection device (fuse) Water vs Electrical Analogy Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Calculating series and parallel resistance Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Electricity creates an electromagnetic wave also known as a radio signal Travels at the speed of light through air Travels at nearly the speed of light through a wire Historically most signals were analog and used AC principles Electrons do not (cannot) move nearly as fast as the electromagnetic wave in a wire that represents voltage. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

Electrical Components Electrons do not (cannot) move nearly as fast as the electromagnetic wave in a wire that represents voltage. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

Electrical Components Electrons do not (cannot) move nearly as fast as the electromagnetic wave in a wire that represents voltage. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

Electrical Components Electrons do not (cannot) move nearly as fast as the electromagnetic wave in a wire that represents voltage. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Resistors Water Analogy The dark lines are wires Negative and positive voltages are relative to ground. When ground is placed at the most negative point, then every other voltage relative to ground will be positive. Voltage is measured across the battery or load, current flows through devices (inside wires). Ideally, this circuit should have a control device (switch) and a protection device (fuse) Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

Capacitors in AC circuits The dark lines are wires Negative and positive voltages are relative to ground. When ground is placed at the most negative point, then every other voltage relative to ground will be positive. Voltage is measured across the battery or load, current flows through devices (inside wires). Ideally, this circuit should have a control device (switch) and a protection device (fuse) Water Analogy Capacitor Tutorial Video Capacitor AC & DC Current Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

Inductors in AC circuits Symbol Water Analogy The dark lines are wires Negative and positive voltages are relative to ground. When ground is placed at the most negative point, then every other voltage relative to ground will be positive. Voltage is measured across the battery or load, current flows through devices (inside wires). Ideally, this circuit should have a control device (switch) and a protection device (fuse) Inductor Tutorial Video Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Diodes LED Water Analogy The dark lines are wires Negative and positive voltages are relative to ground. When ground is placed at the most negative point, then every other voltage relative to ground will be positive. Voltage is measured across the battery or load, current flows through devices (inside wires). Ideally, this circuit should have a control device (switch) and a protection device (fuse) Diode Tutorial Video Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

Transistors Water Analogy Transistor Tutorial Video Symbol The dark lines are wires Negative and positive voltages are relative to ground. When ground is placed at the most negative point, then every other voltage relative to ground will be positive. Voltage is measured across the battery or load, current flows through devices (inside wires). Ideally, this circuit should have a control device (switch) and a protection device (fuse) Symbol Transistor Tutorial Video Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

Microprocessors iPhone 6 Microprosessor Microprocessor Tutorial Video The dark lines are wires Negative and positive voltages are relative to ground. When ground is placed at the most negative point, then every other voltage relative to ground will be positive. Voltage is measured across the battery or load, current flows through devices (inside wires). Ideally, this circuit should have a control device (switch) and a protection device (fuse) How Microprocessors Are Made Video Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.