DNA: The Molecule of Heredity

15 Questions to be answered throughout this video Make sure you write the questions & answer the questions in the video on a piece of paper and turn into the box next class. You may need to refer back to this video later as you work through the assignments for this section.

~ What makes us unique? ~ Why aren’t you like the person sitting next to you?

What does this have to do with who we are?

If the DNA of one cell is stretched out, it makes a 7 ft. long string There are about 5 trillion cells in the human body If you connected all the DNA together, it would be long enough that 10 hours it would take light over 10 hours to travel its length (ruptured bacteria)

Codes for your genes Located inside the nucleus in the form of chromosomes

NUCLEOTIDESDNA is made up of repeating units called NUCLEOTIDES Nucleotides have 3 parts: –Simple sugar –Phosphate –Nitrogenous base

A) Simple sugar = deoxyribose (the sugar gives it its name deoxyribonucleic acid) B) phosphate group C) 1 nitrogenous base –Adenine –Guanine –Cytosine –Thymine A B C

complementary base pairs Rules for Base Pairing: They are called complementary base pairs B. Adenine = Thymine (A = T) A. Cytosine Guanine (C G) the lines between the letters are hydrogen bonds

C G A A T G Sugar Phosphate Nitrogen Bases

Get out a piece of paper & Copy the questions & answer the QUESTIONS?? 1) How many parts are there in a nucleotide? 2) What is the simple sugar that makes up DNA? 3) What pairs with A? 4) What pairs with G?

QUESTIONS??? Find the complementary DNA strand that matches the following bases 5) ATGA = ____________ 6) TTGC = ____________ 7) GGCTAA= ____________ 8) CCTTAAG= ______________

Fun Facts If you wrote down all of the bases in one cell, you would fill a stack of 1,000 phone books with A's, T's, G's and C's

Fun Facts If you unraveled all your chromosomes from all of your cells and laid out the DNA end to end, the strands would stretch from the Earth to the Moon about 6,000 times.

9) Why do you think DNA is called a double helix?

DNA Replication

DNA ReplicationThe DNA in the chromosome is copied in a process called DNA Replication

Replication of DNA During Replication, each strand serves as a pattern or template, to make a new DNA molecule just like the original

Question??? 10) What is DNA Replication?

Replication of DNA

DNA Replication The leading strand is continuously built in the 5’ to 3’ direction DNA polymerase can only add new nucleotides to a free 3’ end of a growing chain or the Lagging strands. These are discontinuous with Okazaki fragments coming in to fill in the gaps

Biology Humor

Questions?? 11) What is the role of DNA helicase? 12) What side does the polymerase start attaching the free nitrogen bases to? 13) What do Okazaki fragments do?

Replication of DNA This process continues until the entire molecule has been unzipped and replicated. Each new strand formed is a complement of the original

14) Compare the 2 new strands formed through DNA Replication?

DNA Review Basic structure is made up of a nucleotide –Phosphate –Sugar Deoxyribose –Nitrogen Base A pairs with T G pairs with C DNA Replication –Copying of DNA –DNA Helicase unzips the DNA –Polymerase attaches the free nitrogen base –Works the leading strand (5’ to 3’) –Has to work backwards on the lagging strand (3’ to 5’) & fill in the gaps with Okazaki fragments