Introduction to Operating Systems using Windows IOS110 Introduction to Operating Systems using Windows Session 3 1

Objectives: Installing Windows XP – Attended mode Installing Windows XP – Unattended mode Multi-boot with Linux

Attended Installation

Attended Installation Hardware Requirements The following are the requirements (minimum and recommended to install Windows XP: Component Minimum Recommended CPU Pentium-compatible 233MHx Pentium-compatible 300MHz+ Memory 64MB 128MB + (4GB maximum) HardDisk 2GB with 1.5GB free space 2GB+ free space (2TB maximum) Networking Network adapter card Network adapter card Display VGA adapter and monitor SVGA adapter and monitor CD-ROM 12x 12x Accessories Keyboard and pointing device Keyboard and pointing device 4

Attended Installation Type of Install There are two basic classifications of install: Clean Install all settings and information is lost Upgrade Install Retains registry and account information Upgrade possible from: Win98 WinME Win NT 4.0 Workstation Win2000 Professional Upgrade to one of the above or perform a clean install if you have Win 3.1 Win95 Win NT < 4.0 You must perform a clean install for all other non-Windows O/S (UNIX, MS-DOS, Linux, OS/2...) 5

Attended Installation Partitioning Hard Drive The set up program will provide you with choices, depending on your current HD configuration: New, unpartitioned disk: you must create partition(s) Existing partitioned disk with partition large enough for WinXP: you may install on this partition No existing partitions large enough: You may create a partition from HD freespace, provided it meets minimum requirements You may delete existing contiguous partitions to create enough freespace for WinXP install. Deleted partitions will loose all information. Backup partitions to be deleted before altering your partition table. The partition for WinXP must be what size minimum? Recommended? Virtual Memory Manager uses some of this space. (What does VMM manage? What is the name of the file?) 6

Attended Installation Partitioning Hard Drive, continued For installations, the set up program creates temporary folder called $Win_NT$.~bt For installations over the network, it also creates $Win_NT$.~ls The folder sizes are dependent on cluster size of the disk, and can be found at the end of: \I386\TXTSETUP.SIF TempDirSpace512 = 339518464,13448704 TempDirSpace1K = 340993024,13496320 TempDirSpace2K = 343906304,13568000 TempDirSpace4K = 350388224,13787136 TempDirSpace8K = 364478464,14008320 TempDirSpace16K = 396541952,15024128 TempDirSpace32K = 463765504,17170432 TempDirSpace64K = 612040704,21561344 TempDirSpace128K = 924057600,31719424 TempDirSpace256K = 1584922624,52953088 7

Attended Installation Partitioning Hard Drive, continued New partitions must be formatted. Selecting the format will define the accessibility of the data on the partition: FAT(16) - MS-DOS compatible, inefficient for partitions > 511MB FAT32 - Minimum partition size is 512MB. Less error prone than FAT NTFS - Allows for more granular security, file encryption, disk quotas, faster NTFS is the preferred format for WinXP, however if you are setting up multi-boot, the data on the NTFS partition will be unavailable to non-WinXP operating systems (Win98, Linux, etc). 8

Attended Installation Network Setup Must choose between: Workgroup Domain How do these differ based on: Administration? Security? Size? Types of servers? 9

Attended Installation Testing System Compatibility To ensure that the PC meets the requirements there are three official (and one unofficial) method to check: From the set up screen at the beginning of the install, select “Check system compatibility” From a command line prompt execute \i386\winnt32 /checkupgradeonly Download a utility from Microsoft called chkupgrd.exe, and run it from a command prompt. Unofficially, check the requirements against the list provided earlier. The utilities produce a summary report of potential problems and display it. There is also a file created called upgrade.txt 10

Attended Installation Upgrade Tasks The following must be performed before running an upgrade: Virus scanner disabled or uninstalled Remove older antivirus applications, disk quota applications, power management tools Upgrade software that may otherwise fail when running under WinXP Uncompress drives that have been compressed using utilities such as DriveSpace or DoubleSpace. Backup and remove any volume sets or stripe sets on basic disks User State Migration Tool - to capture and transfer user files and setting from one computer to another - helpful when upgrading a user's PC to new hardware with a new install of WinXP Files and Settings Transfer Wizard Alternative to USMT, simplest method if only a few computers are affected 11

Attended Installation Installing from a CD-ROM The PC must be capable of booting from CD-ROM, and be configured to boot from CD-ROM before checking the HD (if another O/S already exists) What if PC does not boot from CD-ROM? You can download from Microsoft a utility that will create a set of floppy disks (6 disks) with which you can boot the PC and then resume installation from CD-ROM. Install / use existing O/S on the PC that does recognize CD-ROM, such as MS-DOS. Must run \i386\winnt.exe to begin installation (not winnt32.exe) Four Stages: Set up program – text based Set up wizard Windows networking components Completion of set up 12

Attended Installation Set up Program If set up program detects an existing, upgradable, version of Windows, it gives you the opportunity to Upgrade. You cannot have repartitioned your HD for this to occur If you choose “New Installation (Advanced)”, you will be given the opportunity to partition the HD. Do not perform this is you download updated set up files to the only partition that you have and you wish to repartition your HD. 13

Attended Installation Set up Wizard Responsible for: Regional and Language options Personalize your software (your name and organisation's name) Computer name and administrator password Computer name must be unique to the network Maximum 63 characters Do not use punctuation other than a dash (-) May use upper-case and lower-case letters, numbers Date and time settings 14

Attended Installation Installing from a CD-ROM Set up Wizard: Responsible for: Regional and Language options Personalize your software (your name and organisation's name) Computer name and administrator password Computer name must be unique to the network Maximum 63 characters Do not use punctuation other than a dash (-) May use upper-case and lower-case letters, numbers Date and time settings 15

Attended Installation Networking Components Network card automatically configured Select Workgroup or Domain Configure the network services if your need something other than a DCHP set up 16

Attended Installation Completion of Set up Installs Start Menu Registers components Saves configuration Removes temporary files Restarts the computer Adjusts screen resolution 17

Attended Installation Newly Installed Computer Select how the computer will connect to the network Enter additional user accounts (you can up to 5 accounts on this page, you can add more after the install has finished) 18

Attended Installation Optional Components After installation has completed, you can add or remove optional Windows XP components. Start -> Control Panel -> Add or Remove Programs There is a menu on the left that includes Add/Remove Windows Components: Accessories and Utilities e.g. games Fax services Indexing Service Full text search feature for data on the computer or network Internet Information Service (IIS) To run a website from the computer – including web and FTP services Management and Monitoring Tools Installs SNMP and Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) Message Queuing Services To control data flow to destinations and ensuring their delivery MSN Explorer Internet exploration tool Networking Services Network File and Print services permits sharing local resources with UNIX and Macintosh computers 19

Attended Installation Optional Components - continued Smart tags support Enables new Internet Explorer functionality Update Root Certificates Downloads current root certificates for secure web browsing, email and software delivery 20

Network Installation

Network Installation Network Installation This is still an attended installation – the installation files happened to reside on a server. Distribution Server Create a shared folder on a drive with at least 1.5GB of freespace Copy the I386 folder to this folder Local Computer Connect to distribution server Run set up program winnt.exe or winnt32.exe as appropriate 22

Network Installation Setup Program Command Switches There are some switches that can be used with winnt.exe and/or winnt32.exe to control its function: /a Enable accessibility options /e:command command to be executed at end of GUI-mode setup /m:folder Folder from which replacement files are to be copied /s:sourcepath Where to find the I386 folder /t:tempdrive for winnt.exe only. Where to place temporary setup files /u:answerfile for winnt.exe only. For unattended installation /udf:id,UDFfile For unattended install. The ID is in the Uniqueness Database File Modifies answers for specific PCs (ID). /checkupgradeonly for winnt32.exe only. Checks PC for compatibility /copydir:folder Copy optional folder to system root folder (repeat as necessary) 23

Network Installation Setup Program Command Switches - continued /copysource:folder for winnt32.exe only. Copies optional folder to system root folder, then deletes it after install /cmd:command for winnt32.exe only. Execute command after set up, but before final system restart /debug[level]:[filename] for winnt32.exe only. Log information at specified levels: 1 error, 2 warning, 3 informational, 4 detailed /syspart:drive for winnt32.exe only. Copies setup files to specified drive, marks drive active. Can then move the drive to another PC and resume setup after booting up. /tempdrive:letter for winnt32.exe only. Copy temporary files to drive /unattended:answerfile for winnt32.exe only. File contains answers for customized setup specifications /cmdcons for winnt32.exe only. Installs recovery console during setup 24

Common Problems Problem and Solution Setup reports insufficient disk space: Minimum is 1.5GB required Unable to join domain during installation Check physical connection Has the user account been created If the computer name is being recreated in this install, delete and re-add the computer account Check domain name Check that DNS is working correctly Join a workgroup instead so that installation can be completed. Sort out error afterwards Stop Message Check the PC against the Hardware Compatibility List (HCL) Ensure drivers are up-to-date by checking vendor websites Remove non-essential peripherals CD-ROM media problems Defective CD-ROM Dirty or scratched CD-ROM Ensure CD-ROM drive supports El-Torito specification 25

Common Problems Problem and Solution - continued BIOS virus checker reports a computer virus after reboot Disable BIOS virus checker until after installation complete Failure of a dependency service to start Common in later stages of installation Can be caused by misconfiguration of, or malfunctioning network adapter card Check that computer name is unique Error Loading Operating System Can occur if setup formats a partition as NTFS and the disk geometry was reported incorrectly Try smaller NTFS partition size (4GB or less) Format using FAT32 26

Common Problems Log Files The following files may help in diagnosing installation problems: setupact.log A.K.A. the Action log contains chronological order of all files copied locally during setup Includes registry entries Includes entries to Error log Messages related to improper entries in autoexec.bat and config.sys setupact.txt Contains additional information about device driver files copied during setup setuperr.log A.K.A. the Error log Records all errors that occurred during setup Can be used to determine the severity of the error comsetup.log Errors related to optional Component manager and COM+ components 27

Common Problems Log Files -continued setupapi.log Contains entries for each line of a .inf file that is implemented, or not implemented correctly netsetup.log Records activities related to joining a workgroup or a domain Logs network computer, workgroup and domain validation events mmdet.log Record of detected multimedia devices Logs installation and resource allocation such as port ranges for each device 28

Unattended Installation

Unattended Installation Levels of Automation There are four levels of automated installation Small office / home office Regular install using CD-ROM Slightly Larger Installs Use Setup Manager to create an answer file, and install from the winnt.exe or winnt32.exe program Large Offices Using the network, and a RIS server (Remote Install Service) Large offices without Remote Boot Use System Preparation Tool (sysprep.exe) 30

Unattended Installation Setup Manager Must be extracted from Windows XP CD-ROM. Used for Unattended install RIS Install SysPrep Install Creates: unattend.txt - Answer file for Set Up GUI unattend.udb - Uniqueness Database unattend.bat - Batch file to launch the unattended install If running install by booting from CD-ROM, place the answer file on a floppy disk and call it winnt.sif, the UDF file is called winnt.udf Substituting Values from UDF into Answer File Answer File UDF File Uses Key specified Key not specified Answer File Key specified Key specified UDF File Key not specified Key specified UDF File Key not specified Key specified, no value Value not set, may prompt user Section/Key not specified Section/key specified UDF File 31

Unattended Installation SysPrep Copies entire configuration including installed applications and files to another computer Requires use of third-party disk imaging software Steps: Create reference computer - the model Create image of reference computer Deploy to target PCs Boot up target PC – answer configuration questions 32

Unattended Installation Remote Installation Service Remote boot of PC (requires PXE-enabled network adapter) Requires a Win2K server or .NET server with DHCP, DNS, and Active Directory (PDC), and RIS. For PCs that not have or support PXE network adapters, a bootable floppy can be created that simulated PXE 33