Technology in Action Alan Evans Kendall Martin Mary Anne Poatsy Twelfth Edition

Technology in Action Chapter 11 Behind the Scenes: Databases and Information Systems

Database Basics Database Building Blocks Database Types Database Functions Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.11-2

Database Building Blocks Objectives 1.What is a database, and why is using one beneficial? 2.What do database management systems do? 3.What components make up a database? Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 11-3

Database Types Objective 4.What types of databases are there? Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 11-4

Database Functions Objective 5.How do relational databases organize and manipulate data? Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 11-5

Database Building Blocks A database is a collection of related data, which can be:  Stored  Sorted  Organized  Queried Databases make data more meaningful and useful Databases turn data into information Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.11-6

Database Building Blocks Advantages of Using Databases Databases can manage large amounts of data efficiently Databases make information sharing possible Databases promote data integrity Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.11-7

Database Building Blocks Disadvantages of Using Databases Disadvantages of databases  Can be more time-consuming and expensive to set up and administer  Care is needed to insure they function as intended  Administrator is responsible for designing, constructing, and maintaining databases Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.11-8

Database Building Blocks Planning and Creating the Database How data tables are created  Step 1: Input unique field names  Step 2: Define the data type  Step 3: Set a maximum field size  Step 4: Set a default value if necessary  Repeat for each field in the table Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.11-9

Database Types Three major types of databases are:  Relational  Object-oriented  Multidimensional Relational databases are the most commonly used Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.11-10

Database Types Relational Databases Relational database  Organizes data in table format  Logically groups similar data into a relation  Common field in one table (primary key) linked to common field (foreign key) in second table  Need to keep data in related tables synchronized Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.11-11

Database Types Object-Oriented Databases Store data in objects rather than tables Contain methods for processing or manipulating data Can store more types of data than relational databases Can access data faster Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.11-12

Database Types Multidimensional Databases Stored data can be analyzed from different perspectives (dimensions) Relational database has only two dimensions (fields and records) Multidimensional databases organize in cube format Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.11-13

Database Functions Functions  Populate the database by creating records  Allow users to extract subsets of data from the database  Output the data in a meaningful and presentable format Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.11-14

How Businesses Use Databases Database Warehousing and Storage Business Intelligence Systems Data Mining Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.11-15

Database Warehousing and Storage Objective 6.What are data warehouses and data marts, and how are they used? Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc

Business Intelligence Systems Objective 7.What is a business intelligence system, and what types of business intelligence systems are used by decision makers? Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc

Data Mining Objective 8.What is data mining, and how does it work? Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc

Data Warehousing and Storage Data Warehouse Large-scale collection of data Contains and organizes data in one place Data comes from multiple databases Consolidates information from various systems Presents enterprise-wide view of operations Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.11-19

Data Warehousing and Storage Data Marts Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.11-20

Business Intelligence Systems Software-based solutions to gather and analyze information  Deliver up-to-the-minute data Integral because they store the functional information  All perform similar functions Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.11-21

Business Intelligence Systems Office Support Systems What an office support system accomplishes  Office support system (OSS) is designed to improve communications and assist employees in accomplishing tasks Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.11-22

Business Intelligence Systems Transaction-Processing Systems Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.11-23

Business Intelligence Systems Transaction-Processing Systems Batch processing  Data is accumulated, then several transactions are processed at once  Appropriate for activities that are not time-sensitive  Often more efficient Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.11-24

Business Intelligence Systems Management Information Systems Management information system (MIS)  Provides timely and accurate information  Enables managers to make critical decisions  Directs outgrowth of TPS  Powerful if organized and outputted in useful form  Often included as a feature of TPS Can generate various reports Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.11-25

Business Intelligence Systems Decision Support Systems Decision support system (DSS)  Another type of business intelligence system  Designed to help managers develop solutions for specific problems  Uses information from databases and data warehouses  Users can add own insights and experiences to solution Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.11-26

Business Intelligence Systems Decision Support Systems How DSS get data Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.11-27

Data Mining Data mining  Process by which great amounts of data are analyzed and investigated  Objective is to spot significant patterns and trends that would not be obvious Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.11-28

Check Your Understanding 1.What is a database, and why is using one beneficial? 2.What do database management systems do? 3.What components make up a database? 4.What types of databases are there? 5.How do relational databases organize and manipulate data? Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.11-29

Check Your Understanding 6.What are data warehouses and data marts, and how are they used? 7.What is a business intelligence system, and what types of business intelligence systems are used by decision makers? 8.What is data mining, and how does it work? Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.11-30

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