Global Biophysical Datasets from NASA Missions Steven W. Running Univ. Of Montana / USA IPCC – GEOSS Workshop Feb 2, 2011.

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Presentation transcript:

Global Biophysical Datasets from NASA Missions Steven W. Running Univ. Of Montana / USA IPCC – GEOSS Workshop Feb 2, 2011

CEOS ECV (Essential Climate Variables) from GCOS – 138, Aug 2010 Albedo Landcover FAPAR LAI Biomass (is NPP better?) Soil Carbon (from satellite?) Fire Disturbance Soil Moisture

Thematic standards Reference database (GLC2000) Comparative validation & assessment Probability LANDCOVER INTERCOMPARISON

6 Global Fires for 10 Days

MODIS Annual Disturbance Index Mildrexler et al 2009

Global Net Primary Production trend ( ) Zhao & Running 2010, Science

NPP Anomaly compared to Inverted Atm CO2 Anomaly R = 0.81

Global Trend in NPP (1982 – 2009) AVHRR + MODIS with EOS algorithm

Consistency between MODIS NDVI and NPP ( ) Zhao and Running 2010

Non-Frozen Season Trend ( ) (SSM/I) Mean Northern Hemisphere trend Days yr -1

Multi-Year Trend in Estimated Mean Annual ET and P-ET ( ) ET P-ET  ~73% of the global domain shows a positive ET trend; BUT  ~51% of the domain shows a negative water balance (P-ET) trend.

Global Annual Maximum MODIS Radiometric Surface Temp

Global Flux Tower Network

AERONET Aerosol Optical Properties Research & Enabling Project Program of long term systematic network measurements Mission Objectives Validation of Satellite Aerosol Retrievals Characterization of aerosol optical properties Synergism with Satellite obs., Climate Models Expanding to in situ Ocean Color & possibly total column CO2 Aerosol Robotic Network

18 Missions in Formulation and Implementation – 12/2010 OCO-2 2/2013 Global CO 2 GLORY 2/2011 Aerosols, TSI NPP 10/2011 w/NOAA, DoD EOS cont., Op Met. AQUARIUS 6/2011 w/CONAE; SSS LDCM 12/2012 w/USGS; TIRS GPM 7/2013, 11/2014 w/ JAXA; Precip SMAP 11/2014 w/CSA Soil Moist., Frz/Thaw ICESat-II 10/2015 Ice Dynamics

Unsustainable groundwater withdrawal Depletion rate 4cm/yr Groundwater withdrawals as % of recharge, Rodell et al Nature 2009

20 SMAP Science Objectives SMAP measurements of soil moisture and freeze-thaw cycles will provide an integrated measure of critical controls on surface water mobility and associated constraints to ecosystem processes. Soil moisture and freeze/thaw state are primary environmental controls on water mobility and associated constraints to evaporation and Net Primary Productivity Julian Day Mean Thaw Date (SSM/I, ) Dry Spring Soil Moisture Wet Spring Soil Moisture Summer Air Temperature Anomaly [ºC]

OCO Measuring CO 2 from Space Retrieve variations in the column averaged CO 2 dry air mole fraction, X CO2 over sunlit hemisphere Collect NIR spectra of CO 2 and O 2 absorption in reflected sunlight Validate measurements to ensure X CO2 accuracy of ppm ( %) Flask Aircraft FTS OCO/AIRS/GOSAT Tower Initial Surf/Atm State Generate Synthetic Spectrum Instrument Model Difference Spectra Inverse Model New State (inc. X CO2 ) X CO2

DESDynI Radar and Lidar Capabilities for Biomass and Aboveground Carbon Storage 22 Upland conifer Lowland conifer Northern hardwoods Aspen/lowland deciduous Grassland Agriculture Wetlands Open water Urban/barren Vegetation Type Multi-beam Lidar – accurate biomass and canopy profiles (along-track) at 25 m resolution, extend spatially with radar Vegetation 3D Structure & Biomass: Radar and Lidar L-band Radar – high resolution mapping of low forest biomass and disturbance, extend sensitivity with lidar High: 30 kg/m 2 Biomass Low: 0 kg/m 2 Terrestrial Carbon Storage and Changes

NRC Decadal Survey HyspIRI Visible ShortWave InfraRed (VSWIR) Imaging Spectrometer + Multispectral Thermal InfraRed (TIR) Scanner VSWIR: Plant Physiology and Function Types (PPFT) Multispectral TIR Scanner Red tide algal bloom in Monterey Bay, CA Map of dominant tree species, Bartlett Forest, NH

Linkages between International Programs concerned with Terrestrial Earth Observation 24

LPV Objective & Goals To foster and coordinate quantitative validation of higher level global land products derived from remotely sensed data, in a traceable way, and to relay results so they are relevant to users To increase the quality and efficiency of global satellite product validation by developing and promoting international standards and protocols for: – Field sampling – Scaling techniques – Accuracy reporting – Data / information exchange To provide feedback to international structures (GEOSS) for: – Requirements on product accuracy and quality assurance (QA4EO) – Terrestrial ECV measurement standards – Definitions for future missions 25

Focus Groups 26 Focus GroupNorth AmericaEurope / OtherListserv Land Cover * Mark Friedl (Boston University) Martin Herold (Wageningen University, NL) 137 Fire* (Active/Burned Area) Luigi Boschetti (University of Maryland) Kevin Tansey (University of Leicester, UK) 73 Biophysical (LAI*,  APAR*) Richard Fernandes (NR Canada) Stephen Plummer (Harwell, UK) 72 Surface Radiation (Reflectance, BRDF, Albedo*, Snow/Ice*) Crystal Schaaf (Boston University) Gabriela Schaepman (University of Zurich, SW) 41 Land Surface Temperature Simon Hook (NASA JPL) Jose Sobrino (University of Valencia, SP) 65 Soil Moisture* Tom Jackson (USDA) Wolfgang Wagner (Vienna Uni of Technology, AT) 48 Land Surface Phenology Jeff Morisette (USGS) Jadu Dash (University of Southampton, UK) 76 * ECV

KEY FINDINGS Many global datasets now exist Need validation and intercomparison amongst sensors Need to unify formats, gridding, units Coordinate data distribution Continuity to new sensors

EXTRA SLIDES

IPCC WORKING GROUP II IMPACTS SUMMARY 2007

CO 2 Emissions from Land Use Change Friedlingstein et al. 2010, Nature Geoscience; Data: RA Houghton, GFRA 2010 CO 2 emissions (PgC y -1 ) 1990s Emissions: 1.5±0.7 PgC Emissions: 1.3±0.7 PgC : Emissions: 0.9±0.7 PgC CO 2 emissions (PgCO 2 y -1 )

Fire Emissions from Deforestation Zones Fire Emissions from deforestation zones (Tg C y -1 ) Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED) version 3.1 Year van der Werf et al. 2010, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions America Africa Asia Pan-tropics

Modelled Natural CO 2 Sinks Updated from Le Quéré et al. 2009, Nature Geoscience Land sink (PgCy -1 ) 5 models Ocean sink (PgCy -1 ) 4 models Time (y)

34 NASA Operating Missions (International Collaboration)

35 Future Orbital Flight Missions – 2010 – 2022 (International contributions)

Gravity Recovery & Climate Experiment 500 km orbit 220 km separation Distance accuracy  mm

Focus Group Responsibilities Engage community members (via listserv/website) Update on progress, relevant meetings Report back to LPV group on activities, meetings, new products, potential funding mechanisms Organize at least 1 topical workshop within leadership term Expand LPV activities, field sites, collaboration globally Lead product inter-comparison activities Lead the development and writing of “best practice” land product validation protocols Define product error definitions for ECV’s, LTDR’s for the climate modeling community 37

Global Water Availability Risk Vorasmairty et al Nature 2010