Evolution

Objective: You will be able to differentiate between the Lamarck’s and Darwin’s theories of evolution. Write a paragraph that explains ONE of the following: Cheetahs are the fastest land animal. Explain how cheetahs evolved their incredibly fast speed. Cave salamanders live in caves and have eyes that do not actually see. Explain how cave salamanders evolved.

Objective: You will be able to identify the mistakes made on the midterm test. Do Now: Begin looking through the midterm test booklet and identifying your mistakes.

Objective: You will be able to differentiate between Lamarck’s and Darwin’s theory of evolution. Do Now: Open your notebook to yesterday’s notes. Come up with two differences between Lamarck's theory and Darwin’s theory of evolution.

Darwin’s Theory Overproduction of offspring – More offspring are made then the environment can support »Also produces variation Competition – Individuals compete to survive Natural Selection – Those individuals with the better traits for the environment survive Reproduction – Survivors reproduce and send their traits onto the next generation

Reproduction This means the individuals with the better traits will most likely pass on their traits The individuals without the better traits will most likely NOT pass on their traits This is called “Differential Reproductive Success”

Figure Camouflage as an example of evolutionary adaptation

Cave Salamanders and Cheetahs Turn to a neighbor and discuss how Lamarck would explain how cave salamanders evolved. Then write 2-3 sentences about what you discussed Turn to a neighbor and discuss how Darwin would explain how cave salamanders evolved. Then write 2-3 sentences about what you discussed How do you think Lamarck would explain how cheetahs evolved? What about Darwin

Objective: You will be able to differentiate between the types of evidence that support evolution. Take out the sheet with the 2 Regent’s questions from yesterday. Complete question 2. keep in mind: Overproduction of offspring Variation Competition Natural Selection (Survival of the fittest) Reproduction

Objective: You will be able to differentiate between the types of evidence that support evolution. Read the section called “Homologous Body Structures” on p. 384 Define Homologous structures

Figure Homologous structures: anatomical signs of descent with modification

Table 22.1 Molecular Data and the Evolutionary Relationships of Vertebrates

Adaption – any trait that allows the organism to survive: Can be: Structural Functional Behavioral

Objective: You will be able to differentiate between Darwin’s theory and the Modern theory. Do Now: Read the section called “Sources of genetic Variation” on p Describe two ways that variation is created in offspring.

Review of Darwin’s Theory Overproduction of offspring Variations in offspring Competition Survival of the fittest (Natural Selection) Reproduction

Problems with Darwin’s theory? Where did the variation come from? What is the genetic basis for the variation found in populations? How was this variation passed to the next generation?

Modern Theory of Evolution This theory includes ALL of the steps of Darwin’s theory It also includes the genetic basis for how the variation appears and how it is passed to the next generation. What are the ways to create variation? (Do Now)

Giraffes Lamarck Darwin Modern

You Try Peppered moths

Objective: You will be able to provide examples of natural selection. Read the section called “Descent with Modification” on p Define common descent

Figure Evolution of insecticide resistance in insect populations

Bacterial Resistance

Activity Identify a past or current culture/religion Ex. Greek, Roman, Egyptian, Hindu Search on the internet for how they believe(d) that life began Write a paragraph summary

Objective: You will be able to outline how you believe life began on Earth. Do Now Take out the print out from yesterdays visit to the computer lab (If you did not report to the class yet) Read the section called “The First Organic Molecules” on p. 424 What type of molecules were formed in the experiment done by Miller?

How Did Life Begin?

Species Comparisons Since all species arose from the “universal ancestor”, then all species have similarities Can you think of some similarities? The more in common two species have, the more recent their common ancestor That is why we compare embryos, proteins, DNA, etc…to see have closely related species are to each other.

Objective: You will be able to categorize new species into taxonomic levels. Do Now Read “Linnaeus’s System of Classification” on p. 449 Which level of taxonomy is the most specific? KEEP YOU BOOK OUT WHEN DONE

Taxonomy Is the classification of species based on how closely related they are Does anyone remember the level order? Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Figure 25.8 Hierarchical classification Panthera pardus Panthera Felidae Carnivora Mammalia Chordata Animalia Eukarya Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

5 Kingdom

Binomial Nomenclature Scientific name of a species Why not just use its common name?

Binomial Nomenclature Lumbricus terrestris Panthera leo Canis lupis Canis domesticus © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Objective: You will be able to categorize new species into taxonomic levels. Do Now Take out the taxonomy sheet from yesterday ON YOUR OWN…finish completing the breakdown into Phylum, Genus and Species Develop scientific names for each species

How long does evolution take? Gradualism – Small changes over a long period of time. Punctuated Equilibrium – Small changes over a long period of time, interrupted by large changes in short time periods

Rate of Evolution If the environment is changing a lot, then evolution happens faster Evolution occurs more quickly in species that reproduce sexually as opposed to asexually Evolution will occur faster in a species if they produce a lot of offspring

Review