CHAPTER 8 Mitosis SP 2013

Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction Section 1: Cellular Growth Section 2: Mitosis and Cytokinesis Section 3: Cell Cycle Regulation

Ratio of Surface Area to Volume Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction 9.1 Cellular Growth Ratio of Surface Area to Volume

Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction 9.1 Cellular Growth As the cell grows, its volume increases much more rapidly than the surface area. The cell might have difficulty supplying nutrients and expelling enough waste products.

Transport of Substances Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction 9.1 Cellular Growth Transport of Substances Substances move by diffusion or by motor proteins. Diffusion over large distances is slow and inefficient. Small cells maintain more efficient transport systems.

Cellular Communications Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction 9.1 Cellular Growth Cellular Communications The need for signaling ______to move throughout the cell also limits cell _____. Cell ____ affects the ability of the cell to communicate instructions for cellular functions.

___ ________ prevents the cell from becoming too large. Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction 9.1 Cellular Growth The Cell Cycle ___ ________ prevents the cell from becoming too large. It also is the way the cell reproduces so that you grow and heal certain injuries. Cells reproduce by a cycle of growing and dividing called the ___ _______.

Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction 9.1 Cellular Growth __________ is the stage during which the cell grows, carries out cellular functions, and replicates. _________ is the stage of the cell cycle during which the cell’s nucleus and nuclear material divide. ___________ is the method by which a cell’s cytoplasm divides, creating a new cell.

The Stages of Interphase Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction 9.1 Cellular Growth The Stages of Interphase The first stage of ____________, G1 The cell is growing, carrying out normal cell functions, and preparing to replicate DNA.

The Second Stage of Interphase, S Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction 9.1 Cellular Growth The Second Stage of Interphase, S The cell copies its _____in preparation for cell division.

The Third Stage of Interphase, G2 Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction 9.1 Cellular Growth The Third Stage of Interphase, G2 The cell prepares for the division of its nucleus.

How do little elephants grow up to be BIG elephants?

Why do animals shed their skin?

The process of asexual reproduction begins after a sperm fertilizes an egg.

Three reasons why cells reproduce by asexual reproduction: 1 Skin cancer - the abnormal growth of skin cells - most often develops on skin exposed to the sun. Cell that reproduce by asexual reproduction reproduce constantly.

Animated Mitosis Cycle http://www.cellsalive.com/mitosis.htm Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase & Cytokinesis

Interphase occurs before mitosis begins Chromosomes are ___________(# doubles) Chromosomes appear as threadlike coils (____________) at the start, but each chromosome and its copy(_______ chromosome) change to sister chromatids at end of this phase CELL MEMBRANE Nucleus Cytoplasm

Interphase Plant Cell Animal Cell Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

Prophase 1st step in Mitosis Mitosis begins (cell begins to divide) ___________(or poles) appear and begin to move to opposite end of the cell. Spindle fibers form between the poles. Centrioles Sister chromatids Spindle fibers

Prophase Plant Cell Animal Cell Spindle fibers Centrioles Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

Metaphase 2nd step in Mitosis ____________(or pairs of chromosomes) attach to the spindle fibers. Centrioles Spindle fibers

Metaphase Plant Cell Animal Cell Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

Anaphase 3rd step in Mitosis ______________(or pairs of chromosomes) separate and begin to move to opposite ends of the cell. Centrioles Spindle fibers

Anaphase Plant Cell Animal Cell Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

Telophase 4th step in Mitosis Two new ________ form. Chromosomes appear as chromatin (threads rather than rods). Mitosis ends. Nuclei Nuclei Chromatin

Telophase Plant Cell Animal Cell Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

Cytokinesis occurs after mitosis Cell membrane moves inward to create two daughter cells – each with its own nucleus with identical ________________.

Animal Mitosis -- Review Interphase                                                              Prophase                                                              Metaphase                                                              Anaphase                                                              Telophase                                                             

Plant Mitosis -- Review Interphase                                                              Prophase                                                              Metaphase                                                              Anaphase                                                              Telophase                                                             

IPMATC REMEMBER! Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis IPMATC A mnemonic to help remember the stages of mitosis. I Pray More At The Church

Cell Cycle

- Cell Division The Cell Cycle 32

Mitosis Animation http://www.cellsalive.com/mitosis.htm

9.3 Cell Cycle Regulation Normal Cell Cycle Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction 9.3 Cell Cycle Regulation Normal Cell Cycle Different __________ combinations _______ other activities, including DNA ___________, protein _____________, and nuclear ___________ throughout the ______ ______________.

_____________ __________ Checkpoints Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction 9.3 Cell Cycle Regulation _____________ __________ Checkpoints The cell _________________ has built-in ___________ that _____________ the cycle and can __________ it if something goes __________. ______________ checkpoints also have been identified in ____________.

______________ Cell Cycle: ___________ Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction 9.3 Cell Cycle Regulation ______________ Cell Cycle: ___________ __________ is the __________ growth and _______ of cells. Cancer cells can ___ an __________ by ________ out _____ cells, resulting in the _______ of tissue _________.

Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction 9.3 Cell Cycle Regulation ___________ of Cancer The __________ that occur in the ___________ of cell ________ and _________ of cancer cells are due to ___________. Various _____________ factors can ________ the occurrence of ________ cells.

Causes of Cancer ___________________

_______________ cell __________ Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction 9.3 Cell Cycle Regulation Apoptosis _______________ cell __________ __________ going through apoptosis actually _________ and _________ in a ____________ process.

Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction 9.3 Cell Cycle Regulation Stem Cells ____________ cells that can _______ into __________ cells when _____ the right ____________

Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction 9.3 Cell Cycle Regulation Embryonic Stem Cells After ___________, the resulting ______ of cells _________ repeatedly until there are about _____-____ cells. These cells have ________ become _____________.

Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction 9.3 Cell Cycle Regulation Adult Stem Cells Found in _________ tissues in the body and __________ be used to _________ and ___________ the ________ kind of tissue _________ controversial because the adult stem cells can be ____________ with the ___________ of their donor Cellular Reproduction